Sumerian cuneiform writing may reveal more to us about Sumerian culture than we know about theancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
Whatever the origin of Satan’s rebellion, Pagels argued that Satan represented human hostility againstother humans: “And it’s no accident that the foundational texts of Christian tradition—the gospels of theNew Testament, like the Dead Sea Scrolls—all begin with stories of Satan contending against God’sspirit.” Pagels explained that Christians later “turned the image of Satan against a far wider range oftargets—against the Roman empire and its government, which persecuted Christians, and then againstother 'intimate enemies’—other Christians, whom they called ‘heretics.’
According to \bn Ward, a “confluence of historical events” provided the basis for Westernsupernaturalism during the Roman Empire.
\bn Ward alsoattributes the rise of supernaturalism to the simultaneous rise of powerful institutions—for instance, thedevelopment of Roman organizational skills and the creation of a Christ-centered church, the power ofRome to elevate Paul’s Christian cult to the status of the state religion, and the Nicean council of bishopsthat “culled from competing texts a Bible that largely excludes references to the reality of other[Advanced Beings] and Jesus’ humanity.”
With the rise of the Roman Empire, the keepers of ancient secrets moved their network from
As the Roman Empire declined, Christianity became a major institution.
With thefounding of the Roman Church, the powers of the ruling elite skyrocketed.
Even today, David Icke andothers claim, “The Roman Catholic Church controlled by the Jesuit secret society remains at the heart of Illuminati operations.”
One old Latin text, for example, stated, “They sent by courier to the emperor in Rome and got for an answer … The answer of the emperor namely arrived at the squad at the latest in the following night.” Meyl has posited that the correct translation should read, “They cabled” or “They broadcast to the emperor in Rome and got for an answer …” Meyl continued, “Such a big empire as the Roman Empire actually could only be reigned by means of efficient communication.Cicero coined the word: ‘We have conquered the people of the Earth owing to our broadcastingtechnology.’ … If engineers, however, rework the incorrect translations … much direct evidence existsconcerning the practical use of this technology.” Like many ancient philosophers, Cicero also wrote that the occult mysteries had more to do with natural science than with religion.
By 146 BC, Greece was dominated by Rome.Centuries later, after the Roman Empire had been divided into eastern and western halves and the western empire had fallen, Greece became part of the Byzantine Empire.
It is important to understand that early on the Sumerians never considered, nor referred to, the beings who brought them knowledge as “gods.” This was a later interpretation by the Romans and Greeks, who fashioned their own gods after the earlier traditions of the Egyptians and earlier civilizations.
After the Greeks came the Romans.
The Roman civilization is said to have been founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of the Trojan leader Aeneas, who fled to Italy with other refugees following the fall of Troy in modern-day Turkey.
Venus, the goddess of beauty, sex, fertility, and victory, was the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.
The later warlord, Sulla Felix, was known to wear a small golden image of Apollo into battle.In many ways, Roman culture was merely the latest incarnation of Sumer, bringing with it many of theolder centralized religious and political structures.
The Roman Empire was formed in 27 BC after Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian (Caesar Augustus)had emerged victorious from a series of ruinous civil wars, first primarily between Julius Caesar and his former ally Pompey, and then between Octavian and his former ally Mark Antony.
Before hisassassination in 44 BC by a group of senators hoping to restore the republic, Julius Caesar had seen to it that his name became so popular that it was used as a title for subsequent rulers; soon the tide Caesar evolved horn being a family name of the Julian clan of Rome to a title held by a Roman emperor.
However, after the death (possibly another assassination) of the last pagan emperor, Julian theApostate, the due ruling power was the Roman Church, collector of tithes and lender of money to thegovernment.
As the power of the later Roman state rested on the power of the Church, it is insductive to review the rise of Christianity.
Aber becoming an established institution, the Roman Church quickly gained wealth and power.
“Far above the wrangling in the local churches sat the Roman Church, unconcerned, untroubled, and probably, uncomprehending,” Patricia Eddy wrote, adding that the Church at this time was primarily concentrating on missionary work in Europe, an activity which paid unexpected benefits.
“Unwittingly, the Christianization of these heathen ultimately saved the Roman Church because the barbarians and their priests regarded the Roman Church as the authority for their religious beliefs.
When the barbarians overran Rome, the Roman Church was spared.
The Essenes of Jesus’s time produced literature containing their own intricate codes and allegories to protect their knowledge from the uninitiated as well as from the Roman authorities.
For example, when writing about the Romans, they used the term Kittim, but this word was often misinterpreted to refer to the ancient Chaldeans of Mesopotamia or some of the Greek islands.
The conflicts both within and outside of Christianity were setded by the Roman emperor Constantine in a compromise to gain power.
“Apart from various cultic beliefs, the Romans had worshipped theEmperors in their capacity as gods descended from others like Neptune and Jupiter,” explained author Laurence Gardner.
In short, the new religion of the Roman Church was constructed as a ‘hybrid’ to appease all influential factions.
But when Christianity arrived, the Roman rulers found it difficult to stamp out this holiday, so the Church simply announced that it was celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, an observance that has been carried forward to this day as Christ Mass, or Christmas.
Although history lavishes praise on the Greek and Roman empires for the advances they brought inmilitary strategies, construction, and sanitation, scant attention has been paid to the destruction of ancient sacred sites and indigenous cultures as these empires spread across the world.
When the Romans leveled the city of Carthage in their drive for world conquest, they destroyed alibrary said to have contained more than five hundred thousand volumes.
European libraries also suffered under the Romans and later horn zealous Christians.
In Rome, the official slogan wasSenatus populus quis Romanus, meaning the Senate (government) and the Roman people are one, or synonymous.
He noted that Greco-Roman readers might view the story as a depiction of apotheosis, where a mortal becomes divine.
He suggested that the New Testament authors used these tropes to present Jesus as a divine figure, resonating with Greco-Roman and other cultural expectations.
Greek due to Roman administration and the prevalence of Greek as a lingua franca.
Greek was understood to facilitate interaction with Roman officials and soldiers.
At the site of El-Araj, archaeologists unearthed Roman artifacts, proving that the current water levels of the lake are consistent with those from 2,000 years ago.
The mountain is also a historical site where Jewish rebels resisted Roman forces, leaving behind ancient caves and fortifications.
During the Roman period, Emperor Hadrian restored and embellished the Temple of Zeus Kasios, showcasing its continued importance across empires.
The Temple of Zeus Kasios at Pelusium represents a historical intersection of Egyptian, Greek, Canaanite, and Roman influences.
"The nations who are comprehended under the common appellation of Indo-European," says Max Müller--"the Hindoos, the Persians, the Celts, Germans, Romans, Greeks, and Slavs--do not only share the same words and the same grammar, slightly modified in each country, but they seem to have likewise preserved a mass of popular traditions which had grown up before they left their common home."
They had progressed so far as to perfect "a decimal system of enumeration, in itself," says Max Müller, "one of the most marvellous achievements of the human mind, based on an abstract conception of quantity, regulated by a philosophical classification, and yet conceived, nurtured, and finished before the soil of Europe was trodden by Greek, Roman, Slav, or Teuton."
He is called "Dyaus-pitar," or God the Father, as among the Greeks we have Zeus-pater," which became among the Romans "Jupiter."
The Romans and the Persians called the line of the axis of the globe cardo, and it was to cardo the needle pointed.
A Roman ship of the time of Trajan has been recovered from Lake Ricciole after 1300 years.
The Romans, who were ignorant of its use, said that Hannibal made his way by making fires against the rocks, and pouring vinegar and water over the ashes.
The same author suggests that the story of Hannibal breaking loose from the mountains where he was surrounded on all sides by the Romans, and in danger of starvation, by fastening firebrands to the horns of two thousand oxen, and sending them rushing at night among the terrified Romans, simply refers to the use of rockets.
And why should the veteran Roman troops have been so terrified and panic-stricken by a lot of cattle with firebrands on their horns?
In the midst of the battle there was, say the Roman historians, an "earthquake;" the earth reeled under the feet of the soldiers, a tremendous crash was heard, a fog or smoke covered the scene, the earth broke open, and the rocks fell upon the heads of the Romans.
This reads very much as if the Carthaginians had decoyed the Romans into a pass where they had already planted a mine, and had exploded it at the proper moment to throw them into a panic.
The Iron Age in Northern Europe far antedated intercourse with the Greeks or Romans.
Extending from one degree north of Quito to Cuzco, and from Cuzco to Chili, it was quite as long as the two Pacific railroads, and its wild route among the mountains was far more difficult." Sarmiento, describing it, said, "It seems to me that if the emperor (Charles V.) should see fit to order the construction of another road like that which leads from Quito to Cuzco, or that which from Cuzco goes toward Chili, I certainly think be would not be able to make it, with all his power." Humboldt said, "This road was marvellous; none of the Roman roads I had seen in Italy, in the south of France, or in Spain, appeared to me more imposing than this work of the ancient Peruvians."
The priest examined the entrails of the animals offered in sacrifice, and, like the Roman augurs, divined the future from their appearance.
They had an order of knighthood, in which the candidate knelt before the king; his sandals were put on by a nobleman, very much as the spurs were buckled on the European knight; he was then allowed to use the girdle or sash around the loins, corresponding to the toga virilis of the Romans; he was then crowned with flowers.
Thus, a word like πλέω in Greek would be unpleasant to the Peruvian's ear, and he says pillui, 'I sail.' The plu, again, in pluma, a feather, is said to be found in pillu, 'to fly.' Quichua has no v, any more than Greek has, and just as the Greeks had to spell Roman words beginning with V with Ou, like Valerius--Οὐαλέριος--so, where Sanscrit has v, Quichua has sometimes hu.
The hostile nations which attacked them came from the north; and when the Mound Builders could no longer hold the country, or when Atlantis stink in the sea, they retreated in the direction whence they came, and fell back upon their kindred races in Central America, as the Roman troops in Gaul and Britain drew southward upon the destruction of Rome.
Maps from the 16th century and Roman-period archaeological sites suggest the Aldera region held significant strategic and economic importance.
The persecution demonstrated the Roman state's efforts to suppress Christianity while highlighting the empire’s political and religious challenges.
Diocletian, a proponent of Roman tradition, had previously issued edicts such as banning Egyptian sibling marriages in AD 295 and targeting the Manichaean religion.
Traditional Roman society viewed Christians as subversive due to their worship of a single god and refusal to participate in state festivals and sacrifices.
Diocletian’s persecution was the most comprehensive Roman campaign against Christianity.
Latin: Adapted as Iohannes during the Roman era.
The Roman catholics have frequently pretended to have the signs, but it is only a pretence.
The presbyterian professed the true Kriste, but denounced all others as false; the methodist professed the true Kriste, but denounced all others as false; the Mormon professed the true Kriste, but denounced all others; the Roman catholics also professed the true Kriste, but denounced all others as false.
The Roman catholic church did not cast out Christ, and declare the Pope infallible, instead, and vice-gerent, till some six or seven years after the beginning of the kosmon era.
Baal, however, still maintained himself in Roma, and as God of the Roman empire, but under many names.
Third, that I made you* what you are; and by mine own hand helped you* to cast out Baal and Ashtaroth, and all the Roman'yan and Argos'yan Gods.
This false Kriste and his worshipers are working for the Romans, and not for salvation.
Under Roman rule, Delphi continued to be revered, but its influence gradually waned as political dynamics shifted.
The oracle's power significantly declined with the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
Time Period: Likely Hellenistic or Roman era.
Time Period: During the reign of Roman Emperor Hadrian (2nd century CE).
Details: Perialla is another name mentioned briefly in inscriptions from the Roman period.
When the Romans encountered Greek culture, they adopted and adapted many Greek deities into their pantheon.
Readers of the book link the name to Nehalennia, a goddess known from Roman-era altars found in Zeeland, at Domburg and Colijnsplaat.
A prevailing theory suggests they were authored by the Essenes, a devout Jewish sect that practiced asceticism and lived in Qumran until the settlement was destroyed by Roman forces around 70 CE.
Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient Roman villa near the Bay of Naples, Italy, which some speculate might belong to Pliny the Elder.
Pliny, a Roman philosopher, naval commander, and naturalist, perished during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE.
The residence belonged to Aulus Rustius Verus, a wealthy Roman politician, whose name was found inscribed within the building.
We further proclaim to you the good news of the agreement concerning the holy Easter… so that all our brethren in the East who formerly followed the custom of the Jews are henceforth to celebrate the said most sacred feast of Easter at the same time with the Romans and yourselves and all those who have observed Easter from the beginning.
He critiques the Roman Empire’s influence in reshaping early Christian narratives into tools for imperial control, distorting the teachings of Jesus and the broader biblical context.
Several scholars settle on around 70 CE, the year the Romans destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem.
Others think the Romans found it, or that Jews took it back after the war.
Temple Treasures: The treasure may come from the Second Temple, hidden before the Romans destroyed it in 70 CE.
Description: A small terracotta head of Roman style, found in a pre-Columbian burial in Toluca, Mexico.
Description: Mysterious bronze objects with 12 flat faces, found across the Roman Empire.
Description: A small terracotta statue of a man in Roman dress was found in a pre-Columbian tomb, leading to speculation about contact between the Old World and the New before Columbus.
Description: A 4th-century CE Roman glass cup that changes color depending on the light source, due to a technique involving gold and silver nanoparticles.
Kronos goes by several names: Kronos or Cronus in Greek, Saturn in Roman myth, and El in the Phoenician account that Philo of Byblos gives.
The Romans matched Kronos with Saturn, whose reign they remembered as a golden age of plenty.
In Carthage, inscriptions name Baal Hammon, whom later Greeks and Romans matched with Kronos and Saturn.
Greek and Roman writers said that Kronos received child sacrifices at Carthage, and the burial ground archaeologists call the Tophet is often linked to that practice.
In specific Phoenician texts, the deity Kronos was referred to as “El.” Kronos was a significant deity in Phoenician mythology. The Greeks equated Kronos with their Titan, who ruled before Zeus, while the Romans later called him Saturn.
In the Greco-Roman period, Mount Zaphon became known as Mount Casius.
The Greeks equated Kronos with their Titan who ruled before Zeus, while the Romans later called him Saturn.
Philo attempted to interpret Phoenician religion in terms that would be comprehensible to Greek and Roman readers.
The Greeks equated Kronos with the Roman Saturn, and Philo, in turn, equated Kronos with the Phoenician El, adding the association with "Israel." This reflects the syncretic practices of identifying different cultural myths with similar archetypes to create cohesion in the ancient Mediterranean world.
Kronos, also known as Saturn in Roman mythology, is equated with Jacob (Israel) in Phoenician tradition.
His lineage includes Tros, Ilus, and Aeneas, connecting Troy to Roman origins.
Many biblical figures were deified in Greek and Roman mythology.
For example, Judah became associated with Zeus/Jupiter in Greek and Roman traditions.
She explains that Jesus instructed his male disciples to avoid the crucifixion site for their safety, fearing Roman retaliation.
She describes Roman soldiers granting them limited time to prepare the body before sealing the tomb, fearing that followers might attempt to remove it.
Roman soldiers suggested the body might have been stolen, although they could not explain how it had happened under their guard.
Paul introduces himself as a former Pharisee who adhered strictly to Jewish law and supported the Roman authorities.
Pharisees feared Jesus’s influence, viewing it as a threat to their authority and their collaboration with the Romans.
Jesus foretold Peter’s role in continuing his mission and warned of his eventual death by Roman hands.
Although Peter initially did not aim to found what would become the Roman Catholic Church, his efforts laid foundational beliefs for early Christianity.
The Roman Catholic Church is also monotheistic.
That differs from the strict monotheism of Judaism and of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Roman Catholic Church does much the same.
Baal Zaphon becomes Zeus Kasios, later Roman Jupiter Casius.