Samples from 151 mummies at Abusir el-Meleq, a Middle Egypt site along the Nile, yielded mitochondrial genomes from 90 individuals and genome-wide data from three individuals.
The Exodus to Egypt
From the Canary Islands, they embarked on different paths to reach the Nile, which was their ultimate goal.
Eventually, they reached the Nile Delta from the north and the central Nile from the south.
Kerma, located near the third cataract of the Nile in Northern Sudan, was a significant urban center of the ancient Nubian civilization, flourishing between 2500 BCE and 1500 BCE.
The worship of Crawling things
Sobek was often depicted with a crocodile head and was believed to control the waters of the Nile.
Jerusalem
According to Plato, the Atlantis story had its origins in the Egyptian city of Sais, in the Nile Delta.
Verse: "The Lord, the LORD Almighty, he who touches the earth and it melts, and all who live in it mourn—the whole land rises like the Nile, then sinks like the river of Egypt; he builds his lofty palace in the heavens and sets its foundation on the earth; he calls for the waters of the sea and pours them out over the face of the land—the LORD is his name."
The Island Tarshish
Ta Seti, Africa’s Early Powerhouse
Strategic Location and TradeTa Seti's location along the Nile River allowed it to become a center of trade and cultural exchange, controlling vital trade networks that extended into Africa and the Mediterranean.
The Nile provided fertile land for agriculture and served as a major trade route, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices.
The integration of Nubian elements into early Egyptian culture underscores the interconnectedness of the Nile Valley and highlights Nubia's importance in African history.
Kum, known as Khnum, was a creator god associated with the source of the Nile River.
African Flood stories
Great Flood Stories World wide
Anubis
Color: His head or body is often shown in black, symbolizing the color of mummified flesh and the fertile soil of the Nile, indicating rebirth.
Nile sediment layers dated back approximately 13,500 years
Horner's findings suggested that fragments of pottery found in Nile sediment layers dated back approximately 13,500 years.
Scientific Basis: Horner's research involved measuring the vertical rise of Nile sediment layers.
Menes – Adam
Architecture and Engineering: Menes' reign saw impressive feats such as the redirection of the Nile to build Memphis, highlighting the advanced engineering skills of ancient Egyptians.
Their 3 Abodes
We have our roots on the Nile.
Both the Nile of the earth and the Nile above the earth.
Hermaphrodite
The bull
The heliacal rising of Taurus heralded the inundation of the Nile, a critical event for Egyptian agriculture.
7 Rivers of the Nile
The Nile River does not have seven separate rivers leading into the Mediterranean Sea.
Instead, the Nile has a single main channel that flows northward into the Mediterranean Sea, where it forms a large delta.
Historically, the Nile Delta indeed had seven main distributaries that carried the river's waters into the Mediterranean Sea.
The concept of "seven rivers" might be rooted in ancient descriptions or the historical structure of the Nile Delta, but it is not accurate to say there are seven distinct rivers leading into the Mediterranean today.
The Nile remains a single river system with a delta that splits into multiple distributaries before reaching the sea.
These texts and sources include works by classical authors such as Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, who provide descriptions of the Nile Delta's extensive network of waterways.
Here are citations from Greek and Roman writers who referenced the Nile Delta and its distributaries:
Herodotus, known as the "Father of History," wrote about the Nile and its branches in his work, Histories (Book II).
He described the Nile Delta's formation and its division into multiple branches, mentioning that there were seven main channels:
"The Nile, in its course through Egypt, parts into three branches, and the Delta, as it is called, is the triangular piece of land enclosed between them.
Strabo, a Greek geographer, provided an extensive description of Egypt, including the Nile Delta, in his work, Geographica (Book XVII).
"The Nile, as it enters Egypt, divides itself into several streams, and forms the Delta, the streams are seven in number."
Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (Book V), also mentioned the Nile's distributaries, providing a Roman perspective on the geography of Egypt:
"The river Nile, after flowing through the length of Egypt, divides into seven different channels, which form the Delta."
Pliny's work is an encyclopedic compilation of knowledge from his time, and his references to the Nile Delta underline the classical understanding of the region's geography.
These classical sources provide valuable insights into the historical perception of the Nile Delta and its distributaries.
These resources provide access to the original texts and translations, offering deeper insights into the historical accounts of the Nile Delta.
The Edfu Texts, found in the Temple of Edfu, mention the Nile's seven mouths.
These inscriptions provide valuable insights into the religious and agricultural significance of the Nile Delta:
"The Nile divides into seven mouths, enriching the land with its waters, bringing prosperity to the fields and life to the people."
These texts highlight the vital role of the Nile's branches in sustaining Egyptian civilization.
The Shabaka Stone, a significant artifact from the 25th Dynasty, includes references to the division of the Nile.
Various papyri from different periods also reference the Nile Delta and its branches.
For example, administrative documents from the Ptolemaic period often mention the irrigation systems and the division of the Nile:
"In the time of King Ptolemy, the canals and branches of the Nile are maintained to ensure that the fields receive water, thus guaranteeing the prosperity of Egypt."
"The Edfu Project" - A comprehensive study of the Edfu inscriptions, detailing the religious and practical significance of the Nile's branches.
"Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum" - This collection includes various administrative documents from the Ptolemaic period that reference the Nile Delta.
Recent studies and archaeological surveys have reconstructed the historical geography of the Nile Delta, confirming the presence of seven main branches.
These sources offer comprehensive analyses and descriptions of the Nile Delta's historical distributaries, supported by both ancient texts and modern research findings.
The Hyksos Expulsion
The Hyksos Expulsion refers to the series of events during the 16th century BCE when the native Egyptian rulers of the Eighteenth Dynasty successfully drove out the Hyksos, a foreign dynasty that had taken control of the northern part of Egypt, including the Nile Delta region.
The Hyksos established the Fifteenth Dynasty in Egypt and ruled from their capital, Avaris, in the Nile Delta.
Moses: According to the biblical account, Moses' mother placed him in a basket and set him adrift in the Nile River to save him from the Pharaoh's decree to kill all Hebrew male infants.
For example, the Nile turning to blood can be associated with the red algae blooms or red silt, and the plagues of frogs, lice, and flies could correspond to ecological imbalances.
Pre-dynastic Rulers
This marks the approximate beginning of the pre-dynastic period, which is based on archaeological evidence of early settlements and cultural development in the Nile Valley.
The Badarian culture is named after the site of El-Badari, located on the east bank of the Nile River in Upper Egypt.
Location: Naqada is located on the west bank of the Nile River, approximately 26 kilometers north of Luxor.
Account of Menes
Menes is the first king who founded Memphis and constructed a dam and digged a deep and wide canal redirecting the Nile.
Herodotus describes Menes' significant engineering achievement of creating a dam to divert the Nile River, which allowed the establishment of Memphis.
Memphis and the Nile:
Similar to Herodotus, Diodorus notes Menes' engineering works, including the construction of a dam to control the Nile's flooding and protect the new city.
Manetho’s King Lists
Account of Sethos
He then marched with such troops as would follow him and encamped in Pelusium at the mouth of the Nile; here he was joined by a multitude of field mice, which devoured all the quivers and bowstrings of the enemy, and the handles of their shields, so that on the morrow, being unarmed, they were easily overcome" .
Account of Cheops
"He compelled his subjects to labor for him, some to drag stones from the quarries in the Arabian mountain to the Nile, and others to receive them and transport them to the mountain of Libya."
Ancient Egypt – 11,800 BCE
Known for attempting to dig a canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea.
Poseidon
The Colonies of Atlantis
The funerary practices of crossing water to reach the tombs on the west bank of the Nile, and the presence of a sacred ark in funeral processions, further suggest an Atlantean influence.
The Pyramid, the cross and the Garden of Eden
Varieties of the Cross include the crux ansata or "the key of the Nile," a T-shaped cross with a loop or oval above it.