This pre-Columbian document outlines Aztec cosmology, describing five successive "suns" or ages of the world.
Aztec tradition divides cosmic history into eras, each governed by a "sun" and ending due to divine intervention or natural disaster:
First Age (Sun of Earth or Jaguars): An era of giants who inhabited the world.
Second Age (Sun of Wind): Characterized by human-like beings.
Third Age (Sun of Fire): An age associated with further human development.
Fourth Age (Sun of Water, Atonatiuh): Lasting approximately 4,008 years, this era featured advanced societies.
The sun crosses the equator, initiating a new cycle for the southern hemisphere, bringing balance and a new start.
Deity: Nephthys symbolizes maturity and the peak of summer, where the sun is closest to Earth, providing the maximum energy needed for crops to mature.
Significance: This is a period of hibernation and introspection, as the sun is at its furthest point from Earth.
Mkhulu Nsingiza:"Our ancestors calculated time based on the rising of the sun, unlike the Western Gregorian calendar.
The equinoxes signify equal day and night, while the solstices mark the sun's closest and furthest points from Earth.
For example, the summer solstice, on December 21, is when the sun is closest to Earth in the southern hemisphere, and the winter solstice, on June 21, marks the sun's return journey towards the southern hemisphere, which we consider the African Christmas."
Mkhulu Nsingiza:"In December, the summer solstice brings the sun closest to Earth, associated with maturity and the first fruits celebration.
Mkhulu Nsingiza:"March, controlled by Osiris, signifies the departure of the nurturing sun and the storage of seeds.
July, governed by Sekhmet, the purifier, prepares us for the rebirth of the sun.
Our ancestors believed that the sun was God because the sun gives life, sustains life, and holds the solar system together.
The masculine was represented by the sun, and the feminine by the moon, incorporating the elements of fire, earth, water, and air.
Inanga, directly translating to "birth of the sun," and "Pang" meaning "sunrise," through our language, you can understand how important the sun was to our spirituality and way of life.
It tells us that we have two Sun Signs, not just one.
Through my study of the ancient Dendera, I discovered that I have two Sun Signs: Taurus and Aries.
Longer than the age of the Earth or the Sun and about half the time since the Big Bang.
Solar Dynasty (Suryavansha): This dynasty is said to have been founded by Ikshvaku, a son of the sun god Surya.
At our solar system’s distance from the center — 26,000 light years or about halfway from center to edge — it takes the sun about 225 million years to make one revolution around the Milky Way.
Ra (Helios): The sun god, Ra, was believed to have ruled for 1,000 years.
He was a central figure in Egyptian mythology, often depicted with a falcon head and a sun disk.
The 5 Suns - Aztecs
Your Sun is on the outer part of the arm, and it takes approximately 26,000 years for your Sun to make a complete cycle relative to the Central Sun — the center of your galaxy.
One cycle is when your Sun’s position is below the line, and the other cycle is when it is above the line.
In one major Atlantis narrative, the nation’s sacred emblem is not a sun disk alone and not a simple Christian cross.
Bridgman-Metchim’s 1900 book Atlantis: The Book of the Angels, it is that four-armed Cross: the victorious standard of Emperor Tekthah, later feared and venerated in every Temple of the Sun.
Afterwards I knew that all the other cities had, in their Temple of the Sun, that same emblem, feared and venerated throughout the land and — Oh, confusion as I write!
Later every city keeps the same emblem in its Temple of the Sun.
A short related detail in the same book pairs the cross with the sun.
A sceptre is shaped like the national standard, four-armed and cruciform, but surmounted by an orb of solid gold signifying the Sun.
That pairing reinforces why Temple of the Sun placement matters on this trail.
For the wider Temple of the Sun research habit I use on this site, see worship of the sun.
The sacred symbol in that 1900 Atlantis narrative is Tekthah’s four-armed Cross, the victory standard later kept in each Temple of the Sun.
Temple of the Sun placement ties this page to sun-worship research already on this site.
It began as Tekthah’s rally-signal and later stood in every city’s Temple of the Sun as the sacred emblem of victory.
How does this help Atlantis research?The four-armed Cross plus Temple of the Sun placement gives a clear literary symbol trail.
Worship of the sun: Temple of the Sun research, with fiction and comparative layers kept distinct.
These included the Sun, gems, the dragon (emblem of the sun), the moon and stars, oxen, cats, frogs and other animals.
What he sees there scares him so much that he flies up above the city into the sun.
And the Sun set and there was nought for us two but our love, that must die, being of Earth.
The Rising Sun Chanoc and Nahuasco hold the city.
The Shame of Zul The people burn their idols and give themselves to the Sun.
The Leaven of Sin Asia wanders alone near Zul, and the sun sets red behind lava dust.
In religion, the Atlanteans held advanced beliefs, including the concept of one universal, omnipotent God, symbolized by the sun, and the immortality of the soul.
Numerous cultural practices, such as sun worship and agricultural ceremonies, found in civilizations as diverse as the Chinese and Peruvians, further support the theory of a common Atlantean origin.
Gold and silver held sacred significance across various ancient cultures, often associated with the sun and the moon.
Gold, with its brilliant luster, was associated with the sun, while silver, with its cooler, reflective surface, was linked to the moon.
Peru: Gold was revered as "the tears wept by the sun" and was used exclusively in religious contexts, adorning temples and sacred objects.
The Inca temple of the sun at Cuzco, known as the "Place of Gold," was an opulent display of gold and silver wealth.
Assyria: Gold and silver were dedicated to the sun and moon, respectively.
A pyramid in the palace of Nineveh featured stages covered in different colors representing celestial bodies, with gold at the top symbolizing the sun and silver representing the moon.
all these that sacred island, lying beneath the sun, brought forth in abundance.
The pyramidal imitations, dear to the hearts of colonists of the sacred mountain upon which their gods dwelt, was devoted, as perhaps the mountain itself was, to sun and fire worship.
Their temples were on those "high-places." The most ancient pyramids in Mexico are at Teotihuacan, eight leagues from the city of Mexico; the two largest were dedicated to the sun and moon respectively, each built of cut stone, with a level area at the summit, and four stages leading up to it.
He considers the analogy established in eleven particulars, as follows: 1, the site chosen is the same; 2, the structures are orientated with slight variation; 3, the line through the centres of the structures is in the astronomical meridian; 4, the construction in grades and steps is the same; 5, in both cases the larger pyramids are dedicated to the sun; 6, the Nile has "a valley of the dead," as in Teotihuacan there is "a street of the dead;" 7, some monuments in each class have the nature of fortifications; 8, the smaller mounds are of the same nature and for the same purpose; 9, both pyramids have a small mound joined to one of their faces; 10, the openings discovered in the Pyramid of the Moon are also found in some Egyptian pyramids; 11, the interior arrangements of the pyramids are analogous.
Donnelly claims that Peru, "worshipping the sun and moon and planets," with "its sacrifices of fruits and flowers," keeps the old religion of Atlantis most closely.
In his account the same faith passed to Egypt, where in early ages people worshipped the sun and planets.
He writes that Ptah "was the object of their highest adoration" and was "the father of the god of the sun." That sun god was Ra, whom Donnelly calls the supreme divinity at On, or Heliopolis, near Memphis.
Donnelly gives the Babylonian trinity as Hea, Anu and Bel, with Bel as the sun and the favourite god, and Sin as the goddess of the moon.
The Phoenicians, he says, honoured the sun as Baal-Samin, "the great god, the god of light and the heavens, the creator and rejuvenator." See also Baal.
Donnelly also notes that their religion was mainly solar and that they "worshipped the sun from the tops of pyramids".
The Mexican calendar stone, he says, shows the sun usually called tonatiuh, but called Atl-tona-ti-uh when it is the god of the Deluge.
In Aztec tradition the fourth sun was Nahui-Atl, the Water Sun, ended by a flood (see The 5 Suns).
These four brothers were noble youths, born of one mother, who sallied forth from Tulan, the golden city of the sun, and divided between them all the land from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the confines of Nicaragua, in other words, all the known world.
In the Cakchiquel Annals, as in the Popol Vuh and the Maya Chronicles, we hear of the city of the sun god, Tulan or Tonatlan, as the place of their origin, of the land Zuiva and of the Nonoalcos, names belonging to the oldest cycles of myths in the religion of the Aztecs.
The religion of the Atlanteans, described by Plato as pure and simple, involved worshipping the sun and making offerings of fruits and flowers.
In the Chaldean story, Ea tells Khasisatra to bury the writings "in the City of the Sun at Sippara" (see https://drumsofatlantis.com/the-chaldean-deluge-story).
Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta Armaiti, kindly open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear flocks and herds and men.'
Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta Armaiti, kindly open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear flocks and herds and men.'
Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta Armaiti, kindly) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear flocks and herds and men.'
The one thing missed there is the sight of the stars, the moon, and the sun, and a year seems only as a day.'
Worshipped the moon, considered more powerful than the sun.
The sun was hidden by dust for a year.
Peruvian Religion: Simple, joyous sun-worship.
The temples were arranged to symbolize the solar system, with the Sun temple at the center.
It will be remembered that among the Peruvians the religious cult was a simple but extremely beautiful form of Sun-worship, or rather worship of the Spirit of the Sun ; its tenets were few and clear, and its chief characteristic was its all-pervading spirit of joyousness.
It was not the Sun alone that was reverenced there, but all the Host of Heaven, and the religion was in fact an exceedingly elaborate scheme of worship of the great Star-Angels, including within it, as a practical guide to daily life, a comprehen-
All its physical constituents — the sun with his worderful corona, all the planets with their satellites, their oceans, their atmospheres, and the various ethers surrounding them — all these collectively made up His physical body, the expression of Him on the physical plane.
Certain daily hours of prayer, regulated by the apparent movements of the sun, were observed by all alike ; at sunrise, noon, and sunset, certain anthems or verses were chanted by the priests at the temples, and the more religious of the people made a point of being regularly present at these short services, while those who could not conveniently attend them nevertheless observed each of these hours by the recitation of a few pious phrases of praise and prayer.
Each of the planets had as signed to it at least two great feast days in the year and the Sun and Moon appropriated considerably more than two.
B: far the largest and the most splendid of all was th huge temple of the Sun, which it will presently b< necessary to describe somewhat more in detail.
The difference in size between the Sun and the smaller members of his family is so immense, and the distances between them are so enormous, that unless the buildings were mere dolls ' houses no country would be large enough to contain the entire system.
The shrines devoted to the inner planets made a sort of irregular cluster which seemed quite close under the walls of the great Sun-Temple, while those of the giant outer members of the solar family were dotted at ever-increasing intervals over the plain, until the representative of far-away Neptune was almost lost in the distance.
The dress worn by the followers of the Sun was a beautifully delicate silken material, all interwoven with gold threads, so that it appeared a veritable cloth of gold.
Vulcan's hue was flame-colour, striking, gorgeous, and distinctive — possibly typical of the extreme propinquity of Vulcan to the Sun, and the fiery physical conditions that must obtain there.
The garments of the Moon were naturally of white material, but so interwoven with threads of silver that practically it might be called cloth of silver, as the Sun's was cloth of gold.
But the grandest display of all was at one of the great feasts of the Sun-God, when the people came together, each robed in the gorgeous vestment of his tutelary Deity, and the whole immense multitude performed the solemn circumambulation of the Suntemple.
On such an occasion the worshippers of the Sun filled the vast building to overflowing, while next to the walls marched the bands of Vulcan, next outside them those of Mercury, then the followers of Venus and so on, each planet being represented in the order of its position with reference to the Sun.
The whole mass of people, thus arranged in concentric rings of flashing colour, swept slowly, steadily round like a colossal living wheel, and, under the flood of living light poured down by that all but tropical Sun, they formed perhaps as brilliant a spectacle as the world has ever seen.
In order that some account may be given of the even more interesting ceremonies that took place on such occasions within that great temple of the Sun, it is necessary that we should attempt a description of its appearance and arrangement.
Joseph in a Catholic cathedral, fcr one of them was consecrated to the Sun and the other to the Moon, and some of the regular daily services connected with these two luminaries were celebrated at them.
The lighting of certain sacred fires when the Sun himself crossed the meridian was achieved by means of the same mechanism, though one of the most interesting ceremonies of this nature was always performed at the western altar.
The following morning the rays of the Sun, passing through an orifice above the eastern altar, fell directly upon that at the west end, and by means of a glass globe filled with water which was suspended in their path and acted as a lens, the Sun himself relit the sacred Moon-fire, which was then carefully tended and kept burning for another year.
The outside of this huge dome was thinly plated with gold ; and it was noteworthy that a peculiar dappled effect was produced on the surface, evidently intended to represent what are called the * willow-leaves ' or * ricegrains' of the Sun.
The only light admitted came through thick plates of a crystallike substance of various colours, which were let into the floor of the temple, but arrangements were made to reflect the sun's rays through this medium when necessary, and the priest who was practising his meditation allowed this reflected light to fall upon the various centres in his body — sometimes upon that between the eyes, sometimes upon the base of the spine, and so on.
The produce of the public land was shared between the king and the priests of the Sun.
A sick man and, if he was the breadwinner, his family became "guests of the Sun" until he recovered.
Everyone over forty-five, except officials, also became a guest of the Sun and could stop working.
In astronomy, the book says, the Peruvians could predict eclipses of the sun and moon, but from a traditional formula rather than by observation.
The book describes a religion of the Sun, which was seen as the source of all light, life and power.
Praise was offered daily to the Spirit of the Sun, but never prayer
He highlighted the importance of changes in the eccentricity (shape) of the Earth's orbit around the sun.
When the orbit is more elliptical, the difference in distance from the sun at various points in the orbit increases, leading to greater seasonal contrasts.