Turanian, in Ancient Chaldaea.
While the later Babylonian kingdom might have surpassed its predecessor in military power and territory, the older civilization excelled in simplicity, devotion to religion, and knowledge of nature.
The Akkads, who later formed the Babylonian Empire, tried to revive Chaldaean traditions, but their efforts produced only a pale imitation.
The far later Babylonian sculptures which we know give us a fair idea of this royal type, though at that date the Aryan blood had permeated almost the entire race, whereas in the time of which we are speaking it had scarcely tinged it at all.
These spoilers were in their turn driven out by the Akkads from the northern hill-country — AtlanteanB still, but of the sixth sub-race ; and these, coalescing gradually with the remnants of the old race and with other tribes of Turanian type, made up the Sumiro Akkad nation out of which the later Babylonian Empire developed.
Babylonian Calendar
Below is a table showing the Babylonian months, their lengths, and the alternating pattern of days.
A major Babylonian festival celebrated at the beginning of the New Year in the winter solstice period.
New Year Celebration: Zagmuk marked the Babylonian New Year and was one of the most important religious events of the year.
Enuma Elish Recitation: The Babylonian creation epic, Enuma Elish, was recited.
Akitu and Zagmuk are related but distinct festivals in the Babylonian calendar.
New Year Celebration: Akitu marked the beginning of the Babylonian New Year.
Atlantis – Taurid meteor shower
The Akitu festival was celebrated twice a year in ancient Mesopotamia, most notably at the beginning of the Babylonian calendar’s first month, Nisannu (March-April), and again in the seventh month, Tashritu (September-October).
Akitu Festival in Mesopotamia
The Akitu festival was celebrated twice a year in ancient Mesopotamia, most notably at the beginning of the Babylonian calendar's first month, Nisannu (March-April), and again in the seventh month, Tashritu (September-October).
It was primarily associated with the Babylonian god Marduk and the renewal of kingship and the cosmos.
Origins: The Akitu Festival has its origins in the Sumerian civilization and was later adopted and elaborated by the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
Date: The primary Akitu Festival was celebrated at the beginning of the Babylonian calendar's first month, Nisannu (March-April).
Enuma Elish Recitation: The Babylonian creation epic, "Enuma Elish," was recited, recounting Marduk's victory over Tiamat and the creation of the world.
Assyrian Adaptations: In Assyria, the Akitu Festival included elements specific to the Assyrian pantheon and political context, though many core elements remained similar to the Babylonian tradition.
Significance: In the Assyrian city of Assur, the temple of Ashur was central to their New Year celebrations, which included elements similar to the Babylonian Akitu Festival.
Numerology
Beginning in the second millennium B.C., Babylonian theologians classified their major gods in a hierarchical numerical order.
Apkallu
"Apkallu" (also spelled "apkallū") and "Abgal" are terms from ancient Mesopotamian mythology, particularly within the context of Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian cultures.
Lilith
Lilith is first mentioned in ancient Babylonian texts as a class of winged female demons that attack pregnant women and infants.
Lilith is first mentioned in ancient Babylonian texts as a class of winged female demons that attacks pregnant women and infants.
The Pre-Adamites
A book titled Nabatean Agriculture, written or translated by Ibn Wahshiyya in 904, collated texts about the activities and beliefs of Arabic groups such as the Nabataeans, in defense of Babylonian culture against Islam.
Abel: Ruler of water and earth
Tiamat (Babylonian) - Goddess of the salt sea and the personification of primordial chaos.
Human lifespan declines
However, in Sumerian and Babylonian traditions, which often intertwine with Egyptian ones in the study of ancient Near Eastern history, the figure of Utnapishtim (also known as Ziusudra in Sumerian or Atrahasis in Akkadian) is the equivalent of Noah and is directly connected to the Great Flood myth.
They appear in Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian myths, and are often depicted as a pantheon of gods and goddesses.
The Adam race
Lilith is first mentioned in ancient Babylonian texts as a class of winged female demons that attack pregnant women and infants.
Colonization
The Anunnaki are a group of deities in ancient Mesopotamian cultures, particularly in Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythology.
Golden objects
Representing the Babylonian Empire in the dream interpreted by Daniel (Daniel 2:32-38).
Amorite
Perhaps the most famous Amorite contribution to history is the founding of the first Babylonian Empire by Amorite dynasties.
Yahweh YHWH – The Lord God
The Destruction of the Southern Kingdom - Yahweh allows the Babylonians to conquer Judah, destroy Jerusalem and the Temple, and exile its people (2 Kings 25).
Continued worship of Yahweh after the Babylonian Exile, with a focus on the Temple and later the synagogue.
Egypt first discovered by a woman
In a passage unrelated to the curse on Canaan, the sixth-century Babylonian Talmud says that Ham and his descendants were cursed with black skin, which modern scholars have interpreted as an etiological myth for skin color.
Root Races
The conflict came to an end by the submersion of the Atlantis; which finds its imitation in the stories of the Babylonian and Mosaic flood.
The sun Sol
Utū/Shamash: Utū is the Sun god in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology, while Shamash is the corresponding deity in Babylonian and Assyrian mythology.
300 Igigi of heaven and 600 of the Apsû
The Igigi are mentioned in several ancient Mesopotamian texts, including the Atrahasis Epic and the Babylonian creation myth Enuma Elish.
The Red World
In one Egyptian myth, the bloody hue of the world is ascribed to the blood of Osiris, the mortally wounded planet god; in another myth, it is the blood of Seth or Apopi; in the Babylonian myth, the world was colored red by the blood of the slain Tiamat, the heavenly monster.
Babylonians, too, recorded dust and rain falling from the sky; instances of “bloody rain” have been recorded in diverse countries.
Atrahasis
Written down in the mid-17th century BCE, the Atrahasis can be dated by the colophon to the reign of the Babylonian King Hammurabi‘s great-grandson, Ammi-Saduqa (1646-1626 BCE) though the tale itself is considered much older, passed down through oral transmission.
Enclosed garden
Lilith – who became something of a feminist symbol in the late twentieth century for her reputed declaration of sexual independence – is regarded by many as a Jewish figure, but, in fact, her origins can be traced back to Sumerian and Babylonian legend.
Anunnaki gods list
Marduk - God of the city of Babylon and the patron deity of the Babylonian empire
Anshar and Kishar are two deities in the Babylonian creation myth known as the Enuma Elish.
They are the parents of the god Anu, who becomes the god of the sky and the supreme deity in the Babylonian pantheon.
Anshar and Kishar are not as well-known or widely worshiped as some of the other deities in the Babylonian pantheon, but their role in the creation myth is significant in establishing the lineage of the gods and the emergence of order from chaos.
Lahmu and Lahamu are ancient Mesopotamian deities who play a role in the Babylonian creation myth known as the Enuma Elish.
Lahmu and Lahamu are often depicted as being the parents of Anshar and Kishar, who in turn give birth to the god Anu, the supreme deity in the Babylonian pantheon.
In Babylonian art, Lahmu and Lahamu are often depicted as bearded men or dragons, and are sometimes shown holding various symbols of power and authority.
While Lahmu and Lahamu may not be as well-known or widely worshiped as some of the other deities in the Babylonian pantheon, their role in the creation myth is significant in establishing the emergence of the universe and the lineage of the gods.
The Babylonians and other ancient cultures believed that the appearance of Sirius in the sky heralded the approach of the hot and dry summer months, and they associated the star with heat and drought.
In Babylonian astrology, Sirius was also believed to be associated with the goddess Ishtar and was thought to have an influence on matters related to love and fertility.
The Enuma Elish is a Babylonian creation myth that was written on seven tablets in cuneiform script.
Tablet 1 of the Enuma Elish is one of the best-preserved and most complete tablets, and it provides important insights into Babylonian cosmology and mythology.
Our history
The Babylonians were also heavily influenced by Sumerian culture and religion, and they continued to worship the Annunaki.
The Assyrians were another Mesopotamian civilization that worshipped the Annunaki, although their religious beliefs were somewhat different from those of the Babylonians and Sumerians.