After he captured the Egyptian Satrapy from the Persians, Alexander wanted to build a large Greek city on Egypt's coast that would bear his name.
And it did, indeed, facilitate the merging of many different cultures: Atlantean, Egyptian, Cretan, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Macedonian, and Roman.
And it did, indeed, facilitate the merging of many different cultures: Atlantean, Egyptian, Cretan, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Macedonian, and Roman.
He wages wars against rivals (e.g., using Persians and Greeks ~539–490 BCE to defeat Baal and Ashtaroth, casting them into hell).
His influence distorts later Indian and Persian religions (linked to Zoroastrian and Buddhist elements).
This involves heavenly and earthly wars, including Persian-Greek conflicts, leading to her imprisonment in dense spiritual hells (around ~500–300 BCE interpretive periods).
614 AD: Persian Sack of Jerusalem - Sassanid Persians captured Jerusalem from Byzantines, destroying churches and massacring Christians during the Byzantine-Sassanid War.
In Modern Persian, Sirius is called Tishtar or Tir, derived from the same root.
The Persian religion.
Kaspar, and two other Persian masters, meet him in Persepolis.
1. In Persia Jesus' work was done and he resumed his journey towards his native land.2. The Persian sage went with him to the Euphrates; then with a pledge that they would meet again in Egypt land the masters said, Farewell.3. And Kaspar went his way unto his home beside the Caspian Sea; and Jesus soon was in Chaldea, cradle land of Israel.4. In Ur, where Abraham was born, he tarried for a time; and when he told the people who he was, and why he came, they came from near and far to speak to him.5. He said to them, We all are kin.
4000 BC: Mesopotamia; Sea level, Persian Gulf
Recent (1996) reviews of Persian Gulf paleosealevel indicates that levels were up to 2 meters higher than at present during the period 6000-4000 BP (Earth and Plan Sci Letters 142 (1996) 43-57.
The Athenian on his side has a pleasure in speaking to the Lacedaemonian of the struggle in which their ancestors were jointly engaged against the Persians.
Stud.) out of a confusion of the visit of Epimenides and Diotima (Symp.),—he describes as coming to Athens, not after the attempt of Cylon, but ten years before the Persian war.
We can hardly suppose that an educated Athenian would have placed the visit of Epimenides to Athens ten years before the Persian war, or have imagined that a war with Messene prevented the Lacedaemonians from coming to the rescue of Hellas.
To return to the question of drinking: shall we have total abstinence, as you have, or hard drinking, like the Scythians and Thracians, or moderate potations like the Persians?
You know that Epimenides, the Cretan prophet, came and offered sacrifices in your city by the command of an oracle ten years before the Persian war.
He told the Athenians that the Persian host would not come for ten years, and would go away again, having suffered more harm than they had inflicted.
But if the coming danger could have been foreseen, and the union preserved, then no Persian or other enemy would have dared to attack Hellas; and indeed there was not so much credit to us in defeating the enemy, as discredit in our disloyalty to one another.
For of the three cities one only fought on behalf of Hellas; and of the two others, Argos refused her aid; and Messenia was actually at war with Sparta: and if the Lacedaemonians and Athenians had not united, the Hellenes would have been absorbed in the Persian empire, and dispersed among the barbarians.
There are two mother forms of states—one monarchy, and the other democracy: the Persians have the first in the highest form, and the Athenians the second; and no government can be well administered which does not include both.
There was a time when both the Persians and Athenians had more the character of a constitutional state than they now have.
In the days of Cyrus the Persians were freemen as well as lords of others, and their soldiers were free and equal, and the kings used and honoured all the talent which they could find, and so the nation waxed great, because there was freedom and friendship and communion of soul.
'Likely enough.' Their father had possessions of men and animals, and never considered that the race to whom he was about to make them over had been educated in a very different school, not like the Persian shepherd, who was well able to take care of himself and his own.
These remarks were suggested by the history of the Persian kings; and to them I will now return.
But enough of the Persians: a different lesson is taught by the Athenians, whose example shows that a limited freedom is far better than an unlimited.
Ancient Athens, at the time of the Persian invasion, had such a limited freedom.
The Persians have lost their liberty in absolute slavery, and we in absolute freedom.
Because there was a Persian empire which was the natural enemy of the Greek, there must also have been an Assyrian empire, which had a similar hostility; and not only the fable of the island of Atlantis, but the Trojan war, in Plato's mind derived some features from the Persian struggle.
Their many island homes, the vast extent of coast which had to be protected by them, their struggles first of all with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and secondly with the Persian fleets, forced the Greeks, mostly against their will, to devote themselves to the sea.
Are we to follow the custom of the Scythians, and Persians, and Carthaginians, and Celts, and Iberians, and Thracians, who are all warlike nations, or that of your countrymen, for they, as you say, altogether abstain?
The Persians, again, are much given to other practices of luxury which you reject, but they have more moderation in them than the Thracians and Scythians.
You must have heard here the story of the prophet Epimenides, who was of my family, and came to Athens ten years before the Persian war, in accordance with the response of the Oracle, and offered certain sacrifices which the God commanded.
The Athenians were at that time in dread of the Persian invasion; and he said that for ten years they would not come, and that when they came, they would go away again without accomplishing any of their objects, and would suffer more evil than they inflicted.
But if any one could have foreseen all this at the time, and had been able to moderate the government of the three kingdoms and unite them into one, he might have saved all the excellent institutions which were then conceived; and no Persian or any other armament would have dared to attack us, or would have regarded Hellas as a power to be despised.
Many things might be told about Hellas in connexion with that war which are far from honourable; nor, indeed, can we rightly say that Hellas repelled the invader; for the truth is, that unless the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, acting in concert, had warded off the impending yoke, all the tribes of Hellas would have been fused in a chaos of Hellenes mingling with one another, of barbarians mingling with Hellenes, and Hellenes with barbarians; just as nations who are now subject to the Persian power, owing to unnatural separations and combinations of them, are dispersed and scattered, and live miserably.
ATHENIAN: Hear me, then: there are two mother forms of states from which the rest may be truly said to be derived; and one of them may be called monarchy and the other democracy: the Persians have the highest form of the one, and we of the other; almost all the rest, as I was saying, are variations of these.
ATHENIAN: Neither the one, if it be exclusively and excessively attached to monarchy, nor the other, if it be similarly attached to freedom, observes moderation; but your states, the Laconian and Cretan, have more of it; and the same was the case with the Athenians and Persians of old time, but now they have less.
ATHENIAN: Hear, then:—There was a time when the Persians had more of the state which is a mean between slavery and freedom.
ATHENIAN: Their father had possessions of cattle and sheep, and many herds of men and other animals, but he did not consider that those to whom he was about to make them over were not trained in his own calling, which was Persian; for the Persians are shepherds—sons of a rugged land, which is a stern mother, and well fitted to produce a sturdy race able to live in the open air and go without sleep, and also to fight, if fighting is required (compare Arist.
ATHENIAN: Yes; and the tradition says, that the empire came back to the Persians, through Darius and the seven chiefs.
When he came to the throne, being one of the seven, he divided the country into seven portions, and of this arrangement there are some shadowy traces still remaining; he made laws upon the principle of introducing universal equality in the order of the state, and he embodied in his laws the settlement of the tribute which Cyrus promised,—thus creating a feeling of friendship and community among all the Persians, and attaching the people to him with money and gifts.
Might we not most justly say: 'O Darius, how came you to bring up Xerxes in the same way in which Cyrus brought up Cambyses, and not to see his fatal mistake?' For Xerxes, being the creation of the same education, met with much the same fortune as Cambyses; and from that time until now there has never been a really great king among the Persians, although they are all called Great.
ATHENIAN: The consideration of the Persian governments led us thus far to enlarge.
We remarked that the Persians grew worse and worse.
ATHENIAN: And now enough of the Persians, and their present mal-administration of their government, which is owing to the excess of slavery and despotism among them.
ATHENIAN: Next, we must pass in review the government of Attica in like manner, and from this show that entire freedom and the absence of all superior authority is not by any means so good as government by others when properly limited, which was our ancient Athenian constitution at the time when the Persians made their attack on Hellas, or, speaking more correctly, on the whole continent of Europe.
Also the vastness of the Persian armament, both by sea and on land, caused a helpless terror, which made us more and more the servants of our rulers and of the laws; and for all these reasons an exceeding harmony prevailed among us.
About ten years before the naval engagement at Salamis, Datis came, leading a Persian host by command of Darius, which was expressly directed against the Athenians and Eretrians, having orders to carry them away captive; and these orders he was to execute under pain of death.
The Athenians were under the impression that the whole expedition was directed against them, in consequence of the battle of Marathon; and hearing of the bridge over the Hellespont, and the canal of Athos, and the host of ships, considering that there was no salvation for them either by land or by sea, for there was no one to help them, and remembering that in the first expedition, when the Persians destroyed Eretria, no one came to their help, or would risk the danger of an alliance with them, they thought that this would happen again, at least on land; nor, when they looked to the sea, could they descry any hope of salvation; for they were attacked by a thousand vessels and more.
Please to remark that the experience both of ourselves and the Persians was, in a certain sense, the same; for as they led their people into utter servitude, so we too led ours into all freedom.
Zoroaster’s Avesta and hymns parallel Zarathustra’s revelations in Oahspe, and both establish communities that influence Persian and Indian religious traditions.
Why This Comparison?: The shared name, monotheistic mission, and influence on Persian/Indian spirituality make Zoroaster the closest parallel.
My Opinion on the Best Comparison: Zoroaster is the most fitting comparison due to the identical name, shared monotheistic teachings, and influence on Persian/Indian religious traditions.
But since Heyerdahl was assuming a world-wide natural catastrophe, he believed that the tsunami must have originated in the ocean somewhere outside the Persian Gulf.
Persian Gulf "Atlantis" (~8,000–12,000 years ago) – A now-submerged land where early humans thrived.
Tannis was a site of significant activity during the Byzantine-Persian conflicts in the 7th century CE.
The Persians captured Alexandria during this period, and violent clashes followed for over a decade.
It is speculated that Tannis may have been the location of a battle between the Byzantines and the Persians, potentially involving the use of Greek Fire.
Perseus and Andromeda had several children, including Perses, the ancestor of the Persian people, according to Greek mythology.
Role in Mythology: Perses is considered the ancestor of the Persian people.
According to Greek mythology, he remained in the kingdom of Cepheus and became the progenitor of the Persian royal lineage.
Symbolism: The story of Perses reflects the Greek effort to link their myths to the histories and origins of other cultures, including the Persian Empire.
They emerged from the waters of the Persian Gulf.
About 2400 BC, Sumer was invaded from the west and north by Semitic tribes, and by about 2350 BCwas captive to the warrior king Sargon the Great, who founded the Semite Akkadian Dynasty, whoseempire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.
The Sumerian tablets went undeciphered until 1802, when a German high school teacher named GeorgGrotefend began systematically translating the trilingual Persian inscription of Darius the Great on theBehistun Rock, which included a version in Babylonian cuneiform Today nearly eighty percent ofcuneiform tablets have not yet been translated into English because the sheer quantity has overwhelmedthe world’s handful of translators.
According to the interpretations of Zecharia Sitchin and many others, the term Anunnaki means “thosewho came from the heavens to the Earth.” In Sitchin’s narrative, these were astronauts from the planetNibiru who traveled through the Great Bracelet (the asteroid belt) and initially landed in the Persian Gulf.There they began to colonize and search for gold.
Their initial landings were made in the Persian Gulf, just as our ownastronauts at first splashed down in the ocean.
But when the Anunnaki attempted to retrieve gold from the Persian Gulf by an extraction process, itproved inefficient and time-consuming.
After the Greeks twice defeated Persian invasions, Athens became the center of power and during the next few centuries led the nation’s advancement in science, the arts, and philosophy.
He then dealt with theanomalies of doctrine by replacing certain aspects of Christian ritual with the familiar pagan traditions of sun worship, together with other teachings of Syrian and Persian origin.
About 2400 BC, Sumer was invaded from the west and north by Semitic tribes, and by about 2350 BCwas captive to the warrior king Sargon the Great, who founded the Semite Akkadian Dynasty, whoseempire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.
The Sumerian tablets went undeciphered until 1802, when a German high school teacher named GeorgGrotefend began systematically translating the trilingual Persian inscription of Darius the Great on theBehistun Rock, which included a version in Babylonian cuneiform.
The term baga- is common in Old Persian, Avestan, and related languages.
Egypt, weakened by internal strife and external pressures, fell to the Persians under Cambyses II in the 6th century BCE.
The Persians imposed control until Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BCE, incorporating the land into his vast empire.
Unlike the Persians, Alexander embraced local traditions, integrating himself into Egyptian culture by participating in rituals and building structures such as a temple dedicated to Isis.
Pelusium, the location of the temple, played a significant role in the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 BCE.
Pharaoh Psamtik III faced defeat due to betrayal and unfavorable omens, including the Persian army's strategic use of cats—animals sacred to Egyptians—to gain a psychological advantage.
"The nations who are comprehended under the common appellation of Indo-European," says Max Müller--"the Hindoos, the Persians, the Celts, Germans, Romans, Greeks, and Slavs--do not only share the same words and the same grammar, slightly modified in each country, but they seem to have likewise preserved a mass of popular traditions which had grown up before they left their common home."
Iranian or Persian; 7.
Bel sometimes wore a tiara with his bull's horns; the tiara was the crown subsequently worn by the Persian kings, and it became, in time, the symbol of Papal authority.
Arminius Vámbéry, in his "Travels in Central Asia," describes very important ruins near the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, at a place called Gömüshtepe; and connected with these are the remains of a great wall which he followed "ten geographical miles." He found a vast aqueduct one hundred and fifty miles long, extending to the Persian mountains.
In fact, kindred races, with the same arts, and speaking the same tongue in an early age of the world, separated in Atlantis and went east and west--the one to repeat the civilization of the mother-country along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which, like a great river, may be said to flow out from the Black Sea, with the Nile as one of its tributaries, and along the shores of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; while the other emigration advanced up the Amazon, and created mighty nations upon its head-waters in the valleys of the Andes and on the shores of the Pacific.
It is remarkable that the oldest traditions of the early Babylonians seem to center round the Persian Gulf.
Further on in this work it is shown how Ezra obtained his version from the Egyptian and Persian records.
In this work it is also related as to what became of the lost tribes, who became the Persians (Parsa'yans) in fact, whence sprang the great Zarathustra (Zoroaster).4 E-O-IH, or Je-ho-vih, was the master's word amongst the ancient Jews.
"Punjab" comes from the Persian words panj (five) and āb (water), meaning "land of five rivers."
Persian:In early times, the earth was full of malign creatures fashioned by the evil Ahriman.
5/16/2001: From The Mythology of All Races: new Altaic, Tuvinian, Yenisey-Ostyak, Russian, Buryat, Sagaiye, Samoyed, Kiangan Ifugao, Dusun, Dyak, Victoria, western Carolines, Havasupai, Sia, Mixtec, Maya; modified Persian, Muysca.
There was an ancient tradition among the Persians that the Phœnicians migrated from the shores of the Erythræan Sea, and this has been supposed to mean the Persian Gulf; but there was a very old city of Erythia, in utter ruin in the time of Strabo, which was built in some ancient age, long before the founding of Gades, near the site of that town, on the Atlantic coast of Spain.
257.) Hercules stole the cattle from this remote oceanic island, and, returning drove them "through Iberia, Gaul, over the Alps, and through Italy." (Ibid.) It is probable that a people emigrating from the Erythræan Sea, that is, from the Atlantic, first gave their name to a town on the coast of Spain, and at a later date to the Persian Gulf--as we have seen the name of York carried from England to the banks of the Hudson, and then to the Arctic Circle.
Their colonies and trading-posts extended east and west from the shores of the Black Sea, through the Mediterranean to the west coast of Africa and of Spain, and around to Ireland and England; while from north to south they ranged from the Baltic to the Persian Gulf.