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Mount Cyllene, also known as Kyllini, is located in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese in Greece, within the region of Arcadia.
It is one of the highest mountains in the Peloponnese, with its peak reaching approximately 2,376 meters (7795 feet).
The mountain is known for its lush forests, alpine meadows, and diverse flora and fauna. The surrounding landscape is rugged and remote, contributing to its historical and mythological significance.
Mythological Significance
The Birthplace of Hermes
Mount Cyllene is most famous in Greek mythology as the birthplace of Hermes, the messenger god and the god of trade, thieves, and travelers.
According to the myth, Hermes was born in a cave on Mount Cyllene to Maia, one of the Pleiades, and Zeus.
Hermes was known for his cunning and speed, and he is often depicted wearing winged sandals and a winged hat.
The mountain, therefore, holds a special place in Greek mythology as the origin of one of the most important Olympian gods.
The Legend of Autolycus
Mount Cyllene is also associated with the myth of Autolycus, the son of Hermes and Chione.
Autolycus inherited his father’s skills in thievery and was known as a master of disguise and trickery.
He was said to have lived on Mount Cyllene, where he honed his skills and became infamous for his ability to steal without being caught.
Historical Significance
In antiquity, Mount Cyllene was revered as a sacred place, particularly because of its association with Hermes. The mountain was home to a sanctuary dedicated to Hermes, where pilgrims would offer sacrifices and seek the god’s favor. The cave where Hermes was said to have been born became a site of worship, attracting visitors from across Greece.
The mountain was also associated with the worship of other deities, including Pan, the god of the wild, shepherds, and flocks, who was often depicted playing his panpipes in the mountain’s forests.
Mount Cyllene’s remote location made it a natural refuge during times of conflict. Throughout history, it served as a place of sanctuary for those fleeing political or military upheaval. The mountain’s strategic importance in the region, combined with its religious significance, made it a key location in various historical events in the Peloponnese.
Legends and Stories
The Trickery of Hermes
One of the most famous legends associated with Mount Cyllene is the story of Hermes stealing Apollo’s cattle shortly after his birth.
According to the myth, Hermes, still an infant, sneaked out of his cave on Mount Cyllene, stole Apollo’s cattle, and cleverly disguised his tracks.
When confronted by Apollo, Hermes used his charm and wit to appease the god, eventually becoming reconciled with him. This story emphasizes the mountain’s connection to Hermes’s clever and mischievous nature.
The Sacred Cave of Hermes
The cave on Mount Cyllene, believed to be the birthplace of Hermes, is also central to many myths.
It was said that the cave held special powers and that those who visited it could gain the favor of Hermes.
Pilgrims would travel to the cave to leave offerings and seek guidance, believing that the god’s presence lingered in the place of his birth.
