Kush, Cuniform and the Medu Neter
The Qustul incense burner, which predates Narmer by 300-500 years, shows the king wearing the White Crown, holding the ankh, sitting on the sacred throne, and Haru on top of the White House.
300-500 Years before Narmer: Qustul incense burner depicts early use of symbols related to kingship and deities.
Pre-dynastic Rulers
This marks the end of the pre-dynastic period and the beginning of the dynastic period with the establishment of the 1st Dynasty by Pharaoh Narmer, who is often credited with unifying Egypt.
Considered by many as the unifier of Egypt and the first pharaoh of the 1st Dynasty, Narmer is often associated with the Narmer Palette, which depicts the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.
The Narmer Palette, which depicts the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, hints at a lineage of rulers leading up to Narmer.
Known from the Narmer Palette, which depicts his military victories and the unification process.
Narmer Palette: The Narmer Palette, also from the late Naqada III period, is a significant artifact that depicts King Narmer, who is often credited with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.
The palette shows Narmer wearing the crowns of both regions, symbolizing his rule over a unified Egypt.
The semi-mythical aspect of Manetho’s king list
Menes (or Narmer): Often considered the first pharaoh of a unified Egypt, Menes is credited with founding the First Dynasty around 3100 BCE.
Ancient Egypt – 11,800 BCE
Herodotus' estimate of Egyptian history is much longer than the modern understanding, which places the beginning of the Pharaonic era around 3100 BCE with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, Narmer.
Etymology of Egypt
The unification of these two regions is a significant event in Egyptian history, traditionally credited to the pharaoh Narmer (also known as Menes) around 3100 BCE.