The Children of Mu (1933)

I read James Churchward’s The Children of Mu for the colonial claims a later writer can set beside his Mu page and beside Plato. The copy in front of me is the Internet Archive scan. The title page names him author of The Lost Continent of Mu and The Sacred Symbols of Mu, calls the book illustrated, and gives Ives Washburn, Publisher, New York, with the Roman year MCMXXXIII. The copyright page enters the book in 1931 in his name. It lists a first printing in April 1931, a second in July 1931, and a fourth in February 1933. A third printing is listed for a November whose year this scan does not read cleanly. The printer’s line is the Vail-Ballou Press, Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. The year on the title page is 1933. The copyright year is 1931. The book is still in copyright, so I paraphrase, and I use only two short quotations.

The title page, the copyright page, and the dedication have no printed page numbers. From chapter I onward I cite the number in the running head. In this scan the first page of chapter I, printed 15, is file page 23. Unnumbered plates sit between the text leaves, so the file page is not a fixed offset from the printed page.

He dedicates the book to Captain Edward A. Salisbury of Los Angeles, Samuel Hubbard of Oakland, and William Niven of Houston. He thanks George Leiper of Philadelphia, Brian Brown of New York, the British Museum, the Bulaq Museum in Cairo, and the American Weekly. There is no preface. Chapter I opens with his own synopsis of the earlier Mu book. I use only what he states in this volume. Where he points at The Lost Continent of Mu and does not restate the claim, I stop. I do not call his Mu Lemuria. He does not use that name. For the site’s separate page on his Pacific motherland, see James Churchward’s Mu. For the dialogue he quotes in the Greek chapter, see Timaeus & Critias.

The book at a glance

• Title: The Children of Mu.
• Author: James Churchward. The title page also names him as author of The Lost Continent of Mu and The Sacred Symbols of Mu.
• Edition I read: New York: Ives Washburn. Title page MCMXXXIII. Copyright 1931 by James Churchward. First printing April 1931. Fourth printing February 1933. Printed by the Vail-Ballou Press, Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. The printed text runs from page 15 through page 267. Sixteen chapters. No index in this copy.
• What he claims: Mu was a Pacific continent, the motherland, and the Biblical Garden of Eden. Man appeared there about 200,000 years ago. About 12,000 years ago earthquakes tore it apart and the Pacific closed over a civilization of sixty millions. Everyone who left Mu, in any direction, was a Maya. The old empires of India, Egypt, and Babylonia, and the peoples of America, Europe, and the Pacific, are her colonies, her children. The Biblical Flood, in his reading, is the north-running wave of the last Magnetic Cataclysm, which destroyed the eastern half of the Uighur empire. Atlantis is a separate Atlantic land, not Mu.

Findings worth setting beside other writers

• Where he puts Mu. In the Pacific, between America and Asia, center somewhat south of the equator. About 6,000 miles (9656 kilometers) from east to west and about 3,000 from north to south, reckoned from remains still above water. The rocky islands were once part of it. He names Easter Island, Tahiti, the Samoas, Cook, Tongas, Marshall, Gilbert, Caroline, Marianas, Hawaii, and the Marquesas (p. 15).
• The sinking. About 12,000 years ago, cataclysmic earthquakes, a fiery vortex, and sixty millions (p. 15). On p. 64 he also says Mu sank about 10,000 B.C., and he uses that figure to put Niven’s tablets past 12,000 years. I keep both wordings.
• Man’s arrival. About 200,000 years ago, on Mu (p. 16). A footnote says two Naacal tablets state that about the time Mu went down, man had been on earth 200,000 years, and that many Oriental legends say the same (p. 27). Later he says some Himalayan writings date man back 200,000 years or 270,000 years by star positions, and he leaves the choice to astronomers (p. 126).
• Eden. Mu and the Biblical Garden of Eden were one land (p. 16). In the Greek chapter he says the Israelites later copied the destruction tale and called it the Garden of Eden (p. 140).
• Who left, and what they were called. Ten tribes in Mu, easy to tell apart in body, with only minor differences in language and larger differences in glyphs. Each tribe kept its own ground at home and again in a colony (pp. 18 to 19). Every emigrant, whichever way the ship sailed, was called a Maya (p. 20). He prints a pronunciation note: every letter is sounded. Mu is Moo. A is ah. U is oo, as in moon.
• The two roads. East, a recorded line from Mu to Yucatan and Central America, to Atlantis, through the Mediterranean and Asia Minor, through the Dardanelles, to the southeast corner of the Black Sea, with branches to Chile, Argentina, Scandinavia, southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa, and, last, the Nile Delta. A second eastern line, map and remains only: from the southwest of Mu to South America, through canals and the Amazon Sea to East Africa, carrying the black races, with the white Caras or Carians, who he says are the Greeks. West: Nagas by way of Burma to India, Babylonia, and Upper Egypt; Tamils by the Malay Islands to southern India and then East Africa; Uighurs, whom he calls the forefathers of the Aryan races, across Asia. Three further eastern lines that stopped in America: Nevada, the Valley of Mexico, and Peru (pp. 21 to 23, pp. 169 to 171).
• Colony dates he is willing to fix. Holy Brothers carried religion and the sciences to the colonies “over 70,000 years ago.” One colony had 35,000,000 people. The only colony whose founding date he says he has found is the Maya colony on the Nile Delta, about 16,000 years ago (p. 20). The pictured first landing in Mexico is more than 50,000 years ago (p. 28). A Naacal note he cites puts Mayas in India over 70,000 years ago (p. 184). India was turned from a colony into a colonial empire more than 30,000 years ago (p. 101). Akkad, about 18,000 years ago (p. 229). Naacal copies of the sacred writings were carried to the Uighur capital 70,000 years ago (p. 217). Quetzals reached Scandinavia at least 50,000 years ago (p. 120).
• Atlantis is not Mu. He stops to correct writers who read “lands beyond the sea” as the Motherland. Atlantis was a large continent-island in the North Atlantic, America to the west, Europe and northwest Africa to the east. First settlers, a company of Mayas from Mayax. By his arithmetic from Solon’s visit in 600 B.C. and a 9,000-year gap, Atlantis sank 11,500 years ago, but only to awash. The present depth came later, when the southern division of the Great Central Gas Belt was forged. He also writes the first sinking as 9500 B.C. (pp. 103 to 113).
• The flood he means. The Biblical Flood is the north-running wave of the last Magnetic Cataclysm. It destroyed the eastern half of the Uighur empire, drowned the people, and buried the capital under fifty feet of boulders, gravel, and sand in the Gobi (pp. 17 to 18, pp. 217 to 219). He also says the Bible relates that the waters rose 26 feet (7.92 meters) and covered the mountains, and he sets beside that a Psalm phrase, “before the mountains were raised” (p. 54). Mountains, in his order, come after that wave, not before it.
• Niven’s tablets. 2,600 stone tablets from hamlets four to six miles northwest of Mexico City, seventeen to eighteen feet down. He will not carry their age past 12,000 years, though they may be older. He reads the bulk of them as extracts from the Sacred Inspired Writings of Mu (pp. 32 to 36, p. 41). Niven’s own account, which he prints, puts the first tablet in 1921 at Santiago Ahuizoctla, four meters down, and 975 tablets by December 1923 (pp. 40 to 41).
• Worship and land, for a comparison of customs. One Supreme, worshiped through the Sun as a collective symbol, not as the orb. In the oldest writings, “god” is a cosmic force, not the Creator. The Creator is the Supreme. The Four Great Primary Forces do the creating. He says the earliest place he can find the Deity called God and Lord God is the Bible (pp. 36 to 37). On the Mexican tablets, land is held by the government, crops are divided, and he finds no mention of money in any of the 2,600 tablets. The share for government and temples runs from one-sixth to one-twelfth. The temple share is “The Holy One’s Share.” Oriental writings he has seen call it “The Lord’s Field” (pp. 68 to 70).
• Peoples he lines up as Mu’s children. Quetzals, Nagas, Uighurs, Caras or Carians, Tamils, Quiche Mayas (the Japanese among them), Mongols, Semitics, Akkadians and Sumerians as one Naga-Maya people, Aymaras, Chancas, and the Maori. Bretons, Basques, and the Irish are remnants of the first Uighur migration into Europe. He does not derive the present Sinhalese from the Tamils next door.

About twelve thousand years ago cataclysmic earthquakes rent Mu asunder. She became a fiery vortex, and the waters of the Pacific rushed in, making a watery grave for a vast civilization and sixty millions of people.

James Churchward. The Children of Mu (1933), p. 15

The Origin of Man

This chapter is his synopsis for a reader who has not read the earlier book, plus two relics and the ten tribes. He says the confirmations he lists are all given in The Lost Continent of Mu. I record the conclusions he repeats here, and not the proofs he leaves in that book.

The confirmations he names are Naacal tablets, books, writings, inscriptions, and legends in India, China, Burma, Tibet, and Cambodia; Maya books, inscriptions, symbols, and legends in Yucatan and Central America; remains in the Pacific islands; stone tablets near Mexico City; cliff writings in western North America; books of old Greek philosophers; Egyptian books; and legends. From those, as he states them here: Mu was a large Pacific continent; man appeared on it about 200,000 years ago; Mu and the Garden of Eden were the same land; the Naacal tablets and the Mexican tablets show man as a special creation, with an account of creation very like the Biblical one; at the destruction, Mu’s science was far ahead of the present, at the end of 200,000 years, while “we today cannot claim five hundred”; India, Egypt, Babylonia, and the other old Oriental empires were the dying embers, her children.

He does not call these his discoveries. He is stating what he finds in writings that run from 12,000 to 70,000 years ago, if the mode of keeping time was correct. Lao Tse, the Chinese sage, 600 B.C., speaks of the learning of his prehistoric forefathers. He cites Souchis, priest of Sais, speaking to Solon, as recorded in Plutarch. He has hunted the scraps for over fifty years. The facts, he says, are there. The theories will have to take care of themselves.

The relics are two symbolic bronzes, made either in Mu or in an ancient Uighur city before the eastern half of that empire was destroyed by the north-running wave. He uses one as the frontispiece. The plate caption, which has no printed page number, calls it one of the two oldest known bronzes, a symbolical figure of Mu as mistress and ruler of the whole earth, made in Mu or in the Uighur capital over 20,000 years ago, courtesy of George N. Leiper. In the text he is tighter. If the figure is Uighur, it is about 18,000 or 20,000 years old. If it is from Mu, the age cannot be estimated. It is a symbol of Mu as the great ruler. Both pieces have been in America about 150 years. He knows their history and says the less said about it the better, because in the Oriental home they were taken from they were sacred. The British Museum, he says, has three scepters manufactured in Mu before she went down.

In Mu there were ten tribes, physically easy to tell apart, with few and minor differences of language and a greater change in the glyphs. Each people occupied its own territory. Colonists did the same in a new country: each tribe took its own land, built its own cities, and settled adjoining the others. Isolation grew into separate peoples and then into nations, and language changed with it.

The Eastern Lines

Colonization began when Mu was overcrowded, or when navigators found land. It must have started at least 70,000 years before Mu sank. Naacal writings say the Holy Brothers carried the religion and the sciences to the colonies over 70,000 years ago, and that one colony had a population of 35,000,000. He has found no record of which way the first ship went, and no date for a first colony except the Nile Delta, about 16,000 years ago. He thinks the first colonies on the two main lines may have started about the same time. East, the first settlements were on the west coasts of North and Central America. West, on the east coast of Asia.

A colony’s symbol was the sun rising on the horizon without rays. When it could govern itself under Mu, it became a colonial empire, a ruler was appointed, and the symbol gained rays. The ruler’s title was “Son of the Sun,” meaning a son of Mu, “The Empire of the Sun.”

The mapped eastern line runs Mu to Yucatan and Central America, to Atlantis, through the Mediterranean and Asia Minor, through the Dardanelles, to the southeast corner of the Black Sea. From the American west coast a branch goes down to Chile. From the east coast of Central America a branch goes down to Argentina. Another branch ends in Scandinavian Europe. From Atlantis, branches go to southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Along the Mediterranean, branches go north and south. The last Mediterranean colony is the Nile Delta, Lower Egypt. He calls this the Eastern North Main Line.

The other eastern main line has no records, only evidences and an ancient map. It starts from the southwest of Mu, reaches South America, passes through canals to the Amazon Sea, now the Amazon Swamp, and crosses to East Africa, with probable calls on the southern shores of Atlantis. The colonists are the black races, Negroes and Negroids, with distant cousins still in Melanesia. With them he places a white race, the Caras or Carians, “who are the Greeks today.” Three further lines stop in America: about Nevada, the Valley of Mexico, and Peru. The canals, he says, still exist, broken, on the Andes near Lake Titicaca.

Remains of man run from Alaska to Cape Horn, but no very remote remains lie close to the present shore. Western North America shows three or four civilizations. All but one were destroyed by cataclysms. The last was destroyed by the raising of the western mountains. He names Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Mexico, and Central America, and he puts some remains back into the Tertiary, a few probably as far as the Miocene. The works run from flint points to pottery, jewelry, paintings, and cities of concrete and stone. A plate, courtesy of John T. Reid, shows a foot mark in the upper clay of a coal seam in Fisher’s Range, twenty-five miles east of Lovelock, Nevada, and calls it proof of man in North America at the end of the Miocene or the beginning of the Pliocene, contemporary with Niven’s lowest buried Mexican city.

The Quetzals were the first people to occupy any part of North or Central America. He says they left traditions, unless some of the oldest remains are theirs without our knowing it. He points the reader to legends in the earlier book and adds one note. In the 1890s, in Central America, Indians told him that villages of blond white Indians still stood in the forests of Honduras and Guatemala. One man said he had lived for several weeks in such a village. Their language is Maya. They claim descent from those who fled when King Quetzal was conquered.

The Pygmies are his other addition. Houses and little temples stand along the east coast of Yucatan and on islands off it. At Niscute, in Mexico, and elsewhere, the rooms are small and the ceilings low. On the island of Cozumet a temple doorway is three feet high and eighteen inches wide. He was told in British Honduras that hunters still meet them in dark mountain valleys: about three feet tall, dark, with very long black hair, speaking Maya fluently.

These emigrant children of Mu were called Mayas. All who left the Motherland in any direction were called Mayas.

James Churchward. The Children of Mu (1933), p. 20

Ancient North America

North America and eastern Asia, he says, received Mu’s first colonies. Europe, Egypt, and Babylonia were the tail-enders. He then builds a scene and marks it as a picture, not a log. He assumes, from modern history, that Mu expanded while her civilization was still early. The craft he pictures carries men with milk-white skins, blue eyes, and light flaxen hair, pointed at the rising sun. A hundred thousand years or more after man appeared, the Motherland could no longer feed them. They were called Quetzals because they took the venomous serpent Quetzacoatl as their symbol for the Creator and for creation. He says peoples in Mu were named for that symbol. The Nagas are his other example. At the end of a moon’s journey they find a low sandy shore and a river, unoccupied. The place, he says, was Mexico, more than 50,000 years ago, and it might have been tens of thousands of years earlier. He adds that his dates, whenever he gives them, rest on astronomical charts engraved in ancient writings, and that the ancients kept time by the stars.

After the explorers returned, colonization followed. Other tribes settled to the north. The first colony spread south into Yucatan and Central America, built a capital in what is now Guatemala, and elected a king.

The Valley of Mexico is a chain of drownings. The first settlers built cities and temples. A wave from the ocean leveled them and left boulders, gravel, and sand. The remains of that first great city lie 29 miles (46.67 kilometers) north of Mexico City. He points to a page in the earlier book and does not restate it. Four later settlements were also wiped out by waves. The last left the stone writings. Niven found 2,600 tablets. They are not from the city 29 miles (46.67 kilometers) north.

His geological tale of one submergence: a gas chamber under the valley blew out, the roof fell, and the ocean filled the hole. Volcanoes followed. He names the crater Xitli, whose lava runs about 25 miles (40.23 kilometers) and ends at the edge of Mexico City, about 25 feet (7.62 meters) thick. He does not have a date. An Egyptian temple record speaks of a submergence in Central America about 16,000 years ago. It may or may not be this one. An Aztec tradition Niven sent him says that at the conquest, A.D. 1521, an Aztec priest told Cortez that long ago a flood covered the valley, drowned all humanity, drowned out the Sun, and left the world in darkness, until the gods created a new Sun and a new age. Churchward splits that tale in two. One part is the valley. The other is Mu. The valley went down long before Mu, because after the valley rose again it was repeopled more than once. Mu was “The Empire of the Sun,” suzerain of the world. When she sank, the Sun of the legend was “drowned out,” and every colony had to govern itself. That, he says, was the new era.

Soon after the last repeopling from Mu, gas belts forming along western North America raised the ranges. Two Mexican ranges, continuations of the Rockies and the Cascades, lifted the valley between them several thousand feet. The phenomena, he says, show that the western ranges of North America are not over 11,500 years old, if as much. The valley floor from the drowning is a crumbly conglomerate the Mexicans call tepetate, with seashells, found in the valley and high on the mountainsides. Egyptian records say this rock was laid down about 16,000 years ago, and the character of the rock says the land was not long under water. A later civilization was wiped out by another wave from the ocean, which he takes as proof that the mountains were still not there.

Niven’s second discovery is the 12,000-year layer: hamlets four to six miles northwest of Mexico City, seventeen to eighteen feet down, 2,600 tablets, every one traced and sent to Churchward. Professors told Niven the symbols were unlike anything they had seen. Churchward says no prominent archaeologist in Europe or America has read one of them, because anything over six or seven thousand years old requires the language, the symbols, the alphabet, and the cosmogony of Mu.

The Motherland’s alphabet had 16 letters and many diphthongs. Each letter had three glyphs: a hieratic letter with a hidden meaning, a form for the body of a word, and a form used as an adjective or for emphasis. The hidden meanings were priestly. M was the alphabetical symbol for Mu, H for the Sacred Four, A for the Creator. The Naacal keys, he says, fit these tablets in a general way. They are “the first spoken words from America’s prehistoric past.”

Carved heads came with the tablets. Niven sees a Mongol cast. Churchward sees something more like a coarse Semitic type. Some of the religious conceptions match what he says has recently been found in Babylonia. The tablets were generally around altars, coated with clay to keep the colors, and he thinks they may be sacred relics older than the people who last held them. The bulk are extracts from the Sacred Inspired Writings of Mu.

The workmanship is mixed. Some tablets are crude, some expert. The stones are water-worn and irregular, and the figures follow the shape of the stone. The designs, even the crude ones, show a knowledge of the forces and of the origin of life that he says is ahead of present science. He will not call the writers primitive. Their pottery is expert work. One great theme is the Creation, followed from chaos to man. He gives their sentence: in the beginning all was chaos, the universe was soundless, and darkness prevailed. Their principal symbol was the Sun, as the collective symbol of one Creator. Attributes were powers of that one, not other deities. Government was communistic. Crops were divided. He finds no mention of money.

He refuses, through the book, to use “God” for the Infinite, because in the ancient writings the word did not mean the Deity. “The god Belmarduk” and “the god Thoth” name cosmic forces that come from the Creator. A marriage of a god and a goddess is two forces joining. Temple language says the arrows of the Sun met the arrows of the earth. Arrow, spear, and javelin are the same reading. The first four gods were the Four Great Primary Forces. Later, souls that had left the body were added, because man was given cosmic forces under the soul’s control and carried them away at death. Thoth, god of learning, is his example. Still later the word was set on the Creator. The earliest case he can find is the Bible, where the Deity is called God and Lord God. From about 2,500 years ago to now, he says, science has mistaken those forces for many deities.

He closes with a sketch of why the valley was overrun so often. Broken lines north and south are divisions of the Great Pacific Circuit Gas Belt, the largest in the crust. Three divisions lie under the ocean west of Mexico, two under the land. East and west, two divisions of the Great Central Gas Belt run around the earth, with loops through Yucatan and Central America. While the belts were forging, each thrust of gas sent a wave over the land. Chambers under the ocean, when their roofs rose and then blew out, did the same. Divisions under the land raised the mountains. The mechanism, he says, is in the earlier book. The places and the result are what he draws here.

Stone Tablets from the Valley of Mexico

He prints Niven’s account and then reads the tablets. Niven: since the Spanish conquest the valley, about fifty miles by fifty, with Mexico City at the center, has yielded the Calendar Stone, the Monolith of Tizoc, and the graven tablets of the Azcopotzalco region. In 1910, back from ruined cities in Guerrero, Niven was offered terra cotta said to come from the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon at San Juan Teotihuacan, more than 25 miles (40.23 kilometers) off, though the sellers made the trip in little more than an hour. He offered five pesos, $2.50, for the real place of the “idolitos.” In 1921, at Santiago Ahuizoctla, next to Amantla, he found the first carved tablet four meters down. By December 1923 he had 975. The parenthesis in Churchward’s text says the count is now 2,600. Many of the important ones lay at Ahuizoctla under and around an altar painted in red and yellow, the paint mostly oxide of iron. In 1924 Dr. Morley of the Carnegie Institution said the symbols were unlike anything he had seen in Mexico or elsewhere.

Churchward cannot date the tablets past 12,000 years. Nothing on them gives an exact age. The beginning of man in America, if one starts at the beginning, is beyond 50,000 years and possibly beyond 100,000. He says geological records show a very high civilization in North America more than 50,000 years ago: cities of concrete and stone, pottery, jewelry, frescoes.

Tablet No. 1231 is his key of universal movement, the “Rosetta Stone” of every science in which movement is involved, and the most valuable of the 2,600. The figure is the Sacred Four, known, he says, for a hundred thousand years under more than three dozen names, none of which say what they are. This tablet does. They are the Four Great Primary Forces from the Creator. First they brought law and order out of chaos. Then, by command, they created all things. Then they were given charge of the physical universe. Atoms generate forces. The movement of atoms depends on these four.

He prints the hidden meanings of the numbers 1 to 10 in English, Naga, and Maya. Hun, Hun, the universal One. Cas, Ca, the Dual God. Ox, Ox, who by his power caused. San, Can, the Four Powerful Ones. Ho, Ho, to come. Uac, Uac, to bring order out of chaos. Uuc, Uuc, to create. Uaxax, Uaxax, to make man stand erect and, with Bolan, Bolan, to make his parts revolve. Lahun, Lahun, he is two in one. Ten was too sacred to speak. The count ran in fives up to 20: ten is twice five, fifteen three times five, twenty four times five.

On the first pair he sets four accounts side by side. The Biblical rib. A Polynesian sentence: out of the bones of man he made a woman and called her Evi. Lao Tse, here dated 500 B.C.: Reason Tao produced one, one became two, two produced three, three produced all mortal beings. Plato: human beings were created as one body, four arms and four legs, round, rolling, until the gods cut them in half. Against those he sets Niven’s tablet No. 1584, over 12,000 years old, an illustration of the passage just after the seventh command, the creation of man. The head is a dead man, sightless, and ancient sleep is our death. Two circles are the Creator’s dual principle. The body is two cosmic eggs, the upper male, the lower female and hatching. Forces pass from the male into the eggs. Shears, two forces closing, cut the eggs apart, so the one body wakes as two. The first man was created with both principles. The split was for reproduction. Egyptian cosmogony down to about 2000 B.C. still reflects that. Plato, initiated in Egypt, may have written the rolling tale for laymen out of what he learned there.

Tablet No. 150, in temple numerals, says the Creator made one, the one became two, the two produced three, and from these three all mankind descended. It is more than 12,000 years old. Legends say the original pair had white skins. At the submergence, man on Mu had become ten tribes. The Naacal account of how: crowding, distant settlements, isolation, sometimes a marriage of brother and sister, a family likeness, then climate, temperature, and food completing a tribe. He warns that his translation may miss details, because some of the words have no modern counterpart. Present races, he says, would be unrecognizable beside those ten. A pure descendant might remain on some Pacific islands, but the “Children of the Sun” are dying out or mixing. Present races also come from the mountain raising. A few families went up with the plateaus, inbred, became a type, and later forced their way back to the lowlands. The original ten cannot be blamed on mountains, because during their forming there were no mountains.

Skin color, from the Naacals of 25,000 or 30,000 years ago: an unbalance between the Life Force and the compounds of the skin, from over-stimulation or under-stimulation of the glands, governed by food, with temperature. The irregularities are size, hair, color, and sometimes features. The passage is from a Naacal writing, The Origin of Life and What Life is. Types had been forming for a hundred thousand years and more before the destruction. Head shape and family likeness he attributes chiefly to inbreeding, and he cites the South Sea island groups, each marrying within itself, so that a few years among them teaches the eye which group a person belongs to.

Mountains are recent. Records say that from 12,000 to 15,000 years ago they were unknown. Gas belts, from a few miles down to about fifteen miles, threw them up. Before that, a blown chamber sank the land above it. He runs a life sequence and ties each life to the ground. Lower Silurian: terrestrial life, little vegetation, armor-plated insects in great heat. End of the Devonian: super-tropical swamp growth. Carbonic: slower, harder growth, and reptiles. Jurassic: reptiles for harder ground, still swamp. Middle Cretaceous: swamp growth disappearing. End of the Cretaceous: soft marsh and hard ridges. Opening of the Tertiary: mammals, the old reptiles gone with the swamps, the ground still too damp and miasmic for man, and still no mountains. Mountains do not appear until after the last Magnetic Cataclysm. About the end of the Miocene the earth was habitable: dry plains, hard winters, and still no mountains.

The Codex Cortesianus, a Maya book written about 5,000 years ago from temple records now in a cave in Yucatan, calls Mu, in the passage on her destruction, “the land of earth hills,” which he reads as rolling plains. He dates her submergence at about 12,000 years ago. The Bible, in his sentence, says the waters of the Flood rose 26 feet (7.92 meters) and covered the mountains. Many Central Asiatic tribes date their time from the raising of the Himalayas and the mountains of Central Asia. The Zulus say they came to South Africa from the north because the raising of the mountains ruined their northern country. Legends put the dead of that raising in the hundreds of millions. His strongest exhibits are the Valley of Mexico and the Andes. The valley is now 7,000 feet (2133 meters) above the sea, ringed by mountains. When the civilizations there were destroyed it was only a few feet above the ocean. The last of those, he says, went down less than 12,000 years ago. Remains of a very high civilization more than 50,000 years old lie here and in eastern Asia, and he says they antedate by eons the remains of Babylonia, Egypt, and Yucatan, which are the embers.

About a year before this book he received a pencil rubbing of a map of South America from a Tibetan monastery. Astronomers, from the stars drawn on it, put the positions at about 20,000 years. He had known of the map for more than 30 years. The drawing on his page 81 is that rubbing, set against the present outline. I keep this 20,000 beside the 25,000 he gives in the next chapter, and I do not merge them.

Tablet No. 2379, a circle with two parallel lines dividing it into three, is his glyph for the creation of woman from man, and he calls it universal: cliff writings in Nevada, the pyramid at Teotihuacan, Maya writings, Inscription Rock in northeast Brazil near British Guiana, and Uighur, Hindu, Babylonian, and Egyptian writings. In the Oriental Naacal texts it is one of three glyphs. The Creator is one, Hun. He is two in one, Lahun. These two engendered the son, man, Mehen.

Lao Tse returns, and the dates do not sit still. On p. 17 Lao Tse is 600 B.C. Here the Tao te King is a Chinese book written about 100 years before Confucius, whom he places at 500 B.C., and the sentence is: Reason Tao made one, one became two, two produced three, from these three all mankind descended. On the next pages he dates Lao Tse in the Tao te King at 600 B.C. again, and says most of that book is extracts from the Uighur copy of the Sacred Inspired Writings. The three words that survive every translation he has made of the glyph are made or created, became, and produced.

The Mysterious Writing is six circles or six disks in a triangle, a pyramid, or a keystone, counting one, two, three. Naga numerals use circles or disks. Uighurs generally use a bar, but often return to the Naga form for this figure. Niven’s tablet No. 1256 sets the Naga keystone with Uighur lines and the Sun as the symbol of the Deity.

Inscription Rock, on a plain in northeastern Brazil near British Guiana, is covered with writings in the characters of the ancient Karas or Carians. One inscription reads: one became two, two produced three, from these three life continued. The glyph for four is open at one end, the sign for unfinished, still being carried on. A similar bar was the Naga glyph for five. They counted in fives so as not to speak ten, the numeral of the Deity.

On the pyramid at Teotihuacan the same count is in pure Uighur bars, not enclosed. The next lines use the Uighur glyph for man, Mehen. Two bars mean man with the dual principle. One bar, dropped, leaves plain man.

AUM, he says, has baffled scholars for more than 2,300 years. The meaning was lost when the Brahmins drove the Naacals out of India. He quotes the Manava Dharma Sastra, book 2, sloka 74: in the beginning only the infinite existed, called Aditi, and in it dwelt AUM, whose name must precede prayers. The Book of Manu, sloka 77: the monosyllable AUM means earth, sky, and heaven. J. T. Wheeler, History of India, volume 2, page 481: the three letters, brought together, are a symbol of Brahma, lord of created things. H. T. Colebrook: the Noruka, a glossary of the Vedas, refers AUM to every deity, and the Brahmins may keep a fuller esoteric sense than Manu gives. Churchward calls the Noruka a Brahmin version. The Vedas were taken from the Naacal writings and changed. The Naacals acknowledge one deity only, so “every deity” is an alteration. AUM is the same conception as the Mysterious Writing and as tablet 2379, written in letters instead of numerals. A, Ahau, masculine, the Father. U, the female pronoun, the Mother. M, Mehen, the engendered, the Son. The pronoun, he thinks, avoids using M twice, once for the mother and once for the son.

The altar painting, found by Niven four and a half miles north of Mexico City, is only summarized. The full dissection is in the earlier book. The legend he gives here: the temple is dedicated to the Creator, at whose command the Four Great Primary Forces, emanating within himself, brought law and order out of chaos and created all things. The temple is under Ra Mu, emperor and hieratic head of Mu, the Empire of the Sun, and mouthpiece of the Creator. He distinguishes Ra Mu from Ra Ma, first emperor of the Naga empire of India. Because the temple was under Mu, Mu was still above water. Mu sank about 10,000 B.C., so the tablets are over 12,000 years old, and this American civilization is older than that. Many American civilizations had already come and gone, shown, he says, by Niven’s first find 29 miles (46.67 kilometers) north of the city.

The dual-principle tablets follow. The old symbol is a bisected circle, Lahun, “all in one,” vertical bar among the Nagas and horizontal among the Uighurs. Tablet No. 1430 puts the creation on earth: the eyes are square, the earth symbol, and the Creator’s sign stands on both sides of each face, in the Naga pattern. Tablet No. 130 gives the Sun as male and the Moon as female, with lozenges reading “one is two and two are three,” and glyphs of five for the full godhead. A temple dedicated to the Sun is dedicated to the male principle, and one dedicated to the Moon to the female. The orbs are symbols, not the objects of worship. Tablet No. 1006 uses a serpent, with the Sun pattern he assigns to the northern people of Mu and to the Uighurs. Another small tablet crowns the Creator with seven rays, the numeral of creation, sets an arrow for activity, a chrysalis body for the home of forces, and four repeated lines for the Four. He says there are scores more.

The crop tablets, more than a hundred, of which he shows four, are his evidence for a communistic holding of land and crops in North America 12,000 years ago or more. Land is the government’s. Crops are bulked and divided. A percentage goes to government and temples, a percentage to each person, and a surplus goes to a common granary against famine, so that poverty and want were unknown. He finds the same among the Incas when the Spaniards found them, and in some small Oriental states now. Naga countries generally gave one-sixth. Most Uighur districts gave one-ninth. These tablets run from one-sixth to one-twelfth. He cannot say why. Tablet readings he names include nine divisions with a granary, six divisions in the Naga pattern still used in some small states in India, and nine again for the Uighur percentage. One tablet number in this group reads clearly as 921, another as 535.

A group of 116 conventional figures, no two alike, shows the primary forces moving. The body is a pod or chrysalis, the home of the Four. Line writing on the body is an old esoteric script. Ten is never written. The glyph Lahun stands in for it. He says numeral writing lasted in Egypt down to 500 B.C. and probably later. Pythagoras, entrusted in Egypt with the secrets, taught his pupils to honor the name of God with numbers, and that four is the mystic name of the creative powers. Every cross down to and including the Maltese cross is those four forces, one arm each. Every figure in the group names the Creator as the force governing the others, faces west, and curls the trunk toward the east. Limbs, from none to four, mark movements. The great centripetal force that gathered the gases and molded them became, he says, the earth’s gyroscopic force, which holds the planet upright. The detail is reserved for another book, The Cosmic Forces.

Bird tablets are the one case in which he found a bird used for the Creator. In the Orient the only sacred bird he met was the goose. A stone shows the emigrating children of Mu as geese on the water. The Egyptian Seb wears a goose, is called father of the gods in the Book of the Dead, and is the goose that laid the egg from which earth and man were formed. Seb has a part in the legend of the destruction of mankind by Ra. Some Alaskan Indians use a bird for the Creator. Ellis, Polynesian Researches, volume 1, page 100, records a Sandwich Island tradition: in the beginning only water, a big bird descended, laid an egg in the sea, the egg burst, and Hawaii came forth. He thinks one part of Mu chose a bird instead of the adorned serpent. These are the only symbolic-bird tablets he has found.

The serpent tablets, at least fifty, illustrate the fifth command. Khan, the unadorned serpent, is the symbol of the waters from the beginning. He deciphers No. 328. The command: the Creator said, let the waters bring forth life. The arrows of the Sun met the arrows of the earth in the mud of the waters, and out of particles of mud formed cosmic eggs, and from the eggs came life. One egg outside the coils means the serpent is laying the first egg, the first life in the waters and the first life on earth. The sacred writings show a nest inside the coils when many forms appear together. The numeral four under the abyss is the Four, executing the command. This one tablet, he says, is enough to show that the old Mexicans took their cosmogony from Mu.

The last groups are symbols of the Sacred Four: a circle and cross for the universe, the Naga and Uighur collective suns as Ra, and glyphs he reads as builder, pillar, geometrician, architect, king, heaven, and completed, and then tablets of the Four in action, among them one read as strength and one as established.

South America

South America had been the piece that would not fit. Oriental records and South Sea legends said Mu’s ships sailed the world, so the next-door continent had to hold remains of the First Civilization. He says he was thrown off by scientific reports on the Incas, which he calls the theories of untrained archaeologists.

On his last trip through Tibet, in a western monastery, he found large tablets that are maps. One is South America, dated by stars in constellations. Astronomers tell him those positions were twenty-five thousand years ago. The plate between this opening and page 82 shows the ancient Amazon Sea and canals to the Pacific, from a tablet in one of those western monasteries. The year in the plate caption is not clean in this scan. I use the prose figure, twenty-five thousand. He says that at that time two streams of colonists were crossing the center of South America in boats, sail and sweep, not flying boats, bound from Mu to Atlantis and on through the Mediterranean as far as Asia Minor. A great civilization was there before Mu sank, and tens of thousands of years before what he calls the monkey men of Europe.

The Incas are not that civilization. The name comes from the ruler, “The Inca.” Before a king was elected they were a mixed people: Quiches from Guatemala settled, in a friendly way, among the Aymaras who held the land. The empire began between A.D. 900 and A.D. 1000 and ended with the Spanish conquest in A.D. 1532, about 500 years, thirteen emperors. The founder was Manco Camac. Tradition says he married his sister, to keep the royal blood untainted, a law he also assigns to ancient Egypt and to Mayax. One myth says he was born of the Sun. Another says his mother, unmarried and of high family, hid on an island in Lake Titicaca and later presented him as divinely conceived. An unpublished Peruvian manuscript in the British Museum, written at the beginning of A.D. 1631 by a Jesuit he names as Anello Alivo, says the ancestors of Manco Camac were Quiche colonists from Central America. The native language of Peru today is Quichua, from that Quiche branch of the Mayas. Manco Camac, on taking the throne, assumed the colonial title “Son of the Sun,” and the solar-parent myth grew from the title. The Quiches found the Aymara civilization higher than their own, adopted it, and kept their language. There were no Incas until the crowning. Both peoples then took the name in honor of the ruler.

The civilization he cares about is older. Sixteen thousand years or more ago, about the time he says Egyptian history commenced, Peru had a civilization as prominent as Yucatan’s. Tiahuanaco, on Lake Titicaca, now 13,500 feet (4114 meters) above the Pacific, was built on a plain a few feet above the sea and was carried up with the Andes. Marine shells in the neighborhood are his evidence. A monolith covered with symbols, all in what is called Maya, he deciphered in the earlier book. Here he states that the stone, by that reading, is about 16,000 years old. When the Spaniards asked who built Tiahuanaco, the answer was that they were built before the sun shone in the heavens, which he reads as “before the country became a colonial empire.” Valmiki uses the same kind of sentence for the Naga empire: before the sun had risen above the horizon. E. B. Enock, in his book on Peru, has reached the same conclusion about the mountains. Churchward assumes that when the Andes rose, nearly all of the people died, a few escaped toward the headwaters of the Amazon, fell into savagery, and that some of the people there now may descend from the builders.

Charles Darwin, in Peru in 1835, met at Lima a civil engineer, Mr. Gill, who thought Inca canals had drained the country around the lake and made it sterile. Churchward says the Incas did not build the canals. They were built 16,000 to 18,000 years before the Incas, and they were already ruins when the Aymaras arrived. They were ship canals, not drains. The map he is using here, he says, is said to be about 20,000 years old, and there is no date on it. It shows the canals from the Pacific to an inland sea over what is now the Amazon Swamp, a strait at the eastern end into the Atlantic, Tiahuanaco close to the canal, and other cities, including Manoa, the golden city of legend. I leave this undated “about 20,000” beside the astronomers’ 25,000 and beside the rubbing’s about 20,000 in the previous chapter.

Ceremonies that have been called Oriental reached Peru by two roads: from Mu, and from the Spanish conquerors, who came from the south of Spain, Moorish in atmosphere and, he says, half Moors in their conceptions. Before drinking, a few drops are poured on the earth. Before eating, crumbs are scattered, with the words “to Pacha-Mama.” Mama is a word from the mother tongue. Mu means Ma, and Ma or Mama means earth, depending on the use.

A Peruvian legend gives the Chancas, another race, an empire adjoining the lake peoples. They came about 2,000 years ago from the center of South America, by the Amazon and a branch, from beyond the forests, a land ringed by mountains, with a capital called Manoa. The Incas conquered and absorbed them. The full legend is under Brazil.

Venezuela rests on Central American legends of Caras leaving for the south more than 16,000 years ago, and on Leonard V. Dalton’s Venezuela. Dalton reports Cara remains in the mountains and forests on the Venezuela-Colombia frontier, early picture writing on rocks along the Orinoco and through Guiana, and Carians still in Venezuela, one present tribe the Godjiros, each village with its cacique. Churchward notes that some Cara words match Pueblo words, and that cacique is shared. The Guaharibo, in the least accessible forests of southern Venezuela, have many of the traits of a lost Central American tribe with misshapen heads, and are said to be fierce.

Brazil: when man first settled there, the Amazon basin was an inland sea, a duplicate of the Mediterranean, and there were no mountains between it and the Pacific. It became a swamp only after Atlantis sank. The hole left by Atlantis drew in the surrounding water until a new level was found. Shallow water was drawn off. The Amazon Sea was shallow, so a swamp remained. The Caras from Central America settled on a southern river running into that sea. A Guatemalan tradition told to him: a company left the Caribbean shore, sailed south to a great river, found a fair land, became a great nation, and built Manoa, a city of golden temples around lakes. That was more than 16,000 years ago. Colonel Fawcett found an ancient city in the center of Brazil, 1,500 miles (2414 kilometers) inland, between the headwaters of the Huigu and the Tapajos, as this copy reads the first name. Fawcett brought out a small statue with a short inscription. Churchward saw it for a few seconds. It was Cara Maya, and not over 2,000 years old. He thinks Fawcett had struck Manoa. Two friends, back from the same region, found remains and what is left of a bridge called Tia Chanca, about 500 to 600 feet (182 meters) still intact, the roadway 300 feet (91 meters) above the ground.

The Peruvian form of the Chanca legend: the king of Manoa died, two sons claimed the throne, civil war followed, the younger drove the elder into the forests, the defeated people built boats, went down the forest river, up the big river, and after long wandering settled at Titicaca and became the Chancas. The Incas later annexed them. The time from arrival to conquest is given in generations, without the length of a generation, so he will only say probably about a thousand years. A second telling, which he heard in Peru, counts the war as thirty generations ago, the generations to be counted back from about A.D. 1500, and again the length of a generation is not given. Central American legends of Manoa are too hazy, he says, to repeat.

The ancient geography, for the time of the exodus, is a flat South America. He has records of emigration some 35,000 years ago and others 70,000 years ago, and no statement of when the exodus began. Up to less than 15,000 years ago no mountains had been raised. They could not be, in his system, until the earth went into final magnetic balance. The Amazonian Sea was landlocked, joined to the Atlantic by a strait and to the Pacific by canals. The canals lasted until the mountains rose. There was then an all-water way from Mu to Atlantis, West Africa, and Asia Minor. He puts the northern shore along the foothills of the Venezuelan highlands, with white quartz beaches, the southern shore along the foothills of the Pan Alto, as he spells it, the eastern shore on a spur of that range, and the western shore on the eastern foothills of the Andes. A point of land beyond the Atlantic outlet, unnamed on the tablet, he presumes was Atlantis and marks it so. Cities: one unnamed at the site of Tiahuanaco, one on the southwest shore called the Jewel City or City of Jewels, one inland on the southern shore called the City of Gold, which he does not doubt is Manoa, one far south on the coast about where the River Platte is, and one to the north, somewhere in Venezuela. Inscriptions say Carians or Karas built them.

The Carians came direct from Mu, settled the Amazonian shores, and on the southern shore became a kingdom. He will call it the Carian kingdom, though he thinks they may have called themselves Chancas. He has no record of whether the canals are before or after that kingdom. Either that kingdom or a successor lasted to within 1,500 years ago. They then pushed east, to the eastern coasts of South and Central America. Maya records put them on the coasts of Mayax in the time of Queen Moo, who lived, according to the Troano manuscript, 16,000 years ago. Carians still persist in the Central American states, mixed with Negro blood and generally degraded. The Caribbean Sea was named after them.

From Atlantis they reached the east end of the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, and the lower Balkan peninsula, and broke into tribes named for their territories. One set called themselves Athenians. From Egypt he takes the destruction of ancient Athens by earthquakes and submergence 11,500 years ago, about when Atlantis sank, and the building of that Athens 17,000 years ago. From that destruction until about 1104 B.C., the First Olympiad, he hears nothing of the Carians. Their descendants are the Greeks. Some old philosophers boasted of Carian descent. Herodotus claimed to be a Carian.

Tiahuanaco’s monolith is mostly Cara-Maya. Near the city, stone-lined canals are out of line, up and down like ocean swells. Sea shells west of the ruins show that land west of the city was emerged when the mountains rose, and that city and canals were once at sea level. The remains of Manoa are known and, as far as he knows, unexplored. In the Matto Grosso, part of the Carian empire, a river is spelt Xingu and pronounced Shingu. In Mu’s alphabet a glyph like our X, made by crossing the hieratic N, was a diphthong pronounced Sh. In present Hindu, words beginning in Si are pronounced She. Siva is Sheva. The brown-skinned people of the Matto Grosso call all whites Caraibas, which he takes from Carib. The empire ended as others did. Civil war weakened it. Enemies killed the men and kept the fairest women as slaves.

Easter Island is brought in as a Carian link, not as a repeat of the history he says is in the earlier book. At the time he means, there was no Easter Island. It was a part of Mu. Present islanders, by the common opinion of those who have studied them and the statues, are not the descendants of the carvers, and are inferior to them. His suggestion, for an archaeologist to follow: the Tibetan map shows the South American canals directly opposite Easter Island, then Easter point and port. The colonists who reached Asia Minor left from Port Easter. The southeastern part of Mu was the Carian country and would have included what is now the island.

In the quarry an unfinished statue 70 feet (21.34 meters) long is being cut in a pit in a cliff. At Baalbek a stone of 1,200 tons lies ready, cut and finished in a pit, not roughed out and tooled in the open. He knows this method in these two stones only. How a 70-foot monolith, or a 1,200-ton block, was lifted out of a pit is a question he leaves to engineers. The Easter Island work is crude and the Baalbek work is not surpassed today, but thousands of years lie between them. The statues were carved before the mountains rose. Baalbek was built after. Unfinished work means a sudden stop. One Easter Island tablet says the island was once part of a big continent. He thinks that during the destruction of Mu, cataclysmic waves drowned the carvers.

The Negro route is the other question this map is meant to answer. All the earth was peopled from Mu. The Negro home in Mu was the southwest corner, now the island clusters called Melanesia, where descendants of those saved in the engulfing still live. He separates two black-skinned peoples. The straight-haired, Grecian-featured Ethiopian is not a Negro. He is a Tamil, who settled the lower part of India and called it Dravida, came from Mu to India by the Malay Islands, and from India to East Africa, which he called Ethiopia. Hindu records say companies of Tamils from southern India migrated to a great land in the west and became a great nation. The kinky-haired, flat-nosed Negro was given his color and his features in the southwest of Mu. The Bismarck Islands, the Solomons, the New Hebrides, and the islands between are his home now, and Churchward calls them the worst savages of the Pacific islands. A plate shows Gan, chief of a Solomon Island head-hunting tribe, as a pure Negro, and a Tahitian woman whose dress carries the symbol of the Sacred Four.

Children of Mu on long journeys took all-water routes. From the southwest corner they would skirt the coast to Easter Island Point, cross to the American canals, pass the Amazonian Sea, and make for the lower point of Atlantis. From there, east to Africa a little north of Nigeria, or north along Atlantis to the Canaries, 70 miles (112.65 kilometers) from Africa. In 1875, in the Caroline Islands, natives told him that when the islands were a great land, the people had very large boats, sailed all over the world, and were sometimes gone more than a year. Valmiki, from temple records, said the children of the Motherland took their ships from the eastern to the western oceans and from the southern to the northern seas when India was only a colony and not yet an empire. South Sea craft still make thousand-mile trips. Documents show a colored population in the south of Atlantis. He has never found a document of Negroes in Central or North America. The Tibetan map is why: they passed the Amazonian Sea and never touched those coasts.

In Africa they spread until the mountains rose. The Zulus say they did not always live in South Africa. They came from the north when nearly all the people were destroyed by the raising of the mountains. A company escaped and became the forefathers of the Zulu nation.

The swamp is the last step. Atlantis, submerged, left a hole thousands of miles each way and thousands of feet deep. Water flowing in to fill it lowered the ocean hundreds of feet, drained the Amazonian Sea, the Mississippi valley, and the St. Lawrence valley, emerged Florida, and extended both Atlantic coasts.

Atlantis

Atlantis, he says, had only a legendary history until a few years before this book. Records now put her among lands with a written history, vague but beyond controversy. He gives the credit for clinching her existence to Schliemann. She was a large continent-island in the North Atlantic, with North and Central America to the west and Europe and northwest Africa to the east, and she lasted to within a few thousand years ago.

From Plato, 400 B.C., reporting Solon: Atlantis was the center of civilization and conquered the whole world. The most famous Athenian exploit was to overthrow it. It lay over against the Pillars of Hercules, greater than Libya and Asia Minor together, the passage to other islands and a continent beyond, of which the Mediterranean was only the harbor inside the Pillars. The empire reached Egypt and Tyrrhenia, and arrayed itself against Egypt, the Hellenes, and the Mediterranean countries. Athens, deserted by the other Hellenes, repelled the invader and freed the nations within the Pillars. A little while afterward a great earthquake, and the island disappeared. Poseidon was the founder. A temple was built to him. Every fifth and sixth year the people gathered, sacrificed bulls, and swore to observe the sacred inscriptions on the pillars of the temple.

Plutarch, Life of Solon: when Solon visited Egypt in 600 B.C., Souchis of Sais and Psenophis of Heliopolis told him that 9,000 years before, relations with the Lands of the West had been interrupted by mud that made the sea impassable after Atlantis, and the country beyond, were destroyed by cataclysms and floods. Churchward adds A.D. 2000 plus 9,000 plus 600, and gets 11,500 years ago. He will show that she did not reach her present level until long after. An old Greek record says 3,000 Athenian soldiers were on her when she disappeared, probably an army of occupation.

An Egyptian papyrus makes Poseidon the first king, followed by a line of Poseidons. The crown has three points, the numeral of the Motherland. The scepter is a trident, which he reads as Mu’s suzerainty. The trident was the Uighur scepter 20,000 years ago, and later the scepter of the Khimers of Cambodia. Le Plongeon found Yucatan inscriptions: the first settlers in Atlantis were Mayas from Mayax, and Atlantis was torn by earthquakes and then submerged, the same end as Mu.

From Dr. Henry Schliemann, as Churchward gives it: in the museum at St. Petersburg a papyrus of the reign of Pharaoh Sent, Second Dynasty, says Sent sent an expedition west to seek traces of Atlantis, from whence, 3,350 years before, the ancestors of the Egyptians arrived with the wisdom of their native land. After five years the expedition reported neither people nor objects that gave a clue. Another papyrus in the same museum, by Manetho, gives 13,900 years as the reign of the sages, the kings, of Atlantis, and places the height of that civilization at the beginning of Egyptian history, about 16,000 years ago. Churchward adds 11,500 to 13,900 and gets a kingdom 25,400 years ago.

The grandson, Dr. Paul Schliemann, published Henry’s further finds. In 1873, in the second city at Hissarlik, among the treasures of Priam, a large bronze vase held pottery, small images of a peculiar metal, and objects of fossilized bone. Some, and the bronze, were engraved in Phoenician hieroglyphics with a sentence read as from the King Chronos of Atlantis. One object is a vase with an owl’s head. A vase in the Louvre, from Tiahuanaco, matches it in shape, size, and the arrangement of the owl’s heads. A bird sphinx from the same treasure is engraved from King Chronos of Atlantis. Churchward reads the sphinx as the link between Atlantis and Mayax, probably from a statue to Queen Moo, whose totem was a macaw. The body is a leopard, the totem of her brother-husband Prince Coh. Prince Coh’s dying leopard is in the National Museum, Mexico City.

An inscription Henry Schliemann found on the Lion Gate at Maycarne, Crete, as Churchward places it: the Egyptians descended from Misor. Misor was the child of Thoth, god of history. Thoth was the emigrated son of a priest of Atlantis, who fell in love with the daughter of King Chronos, escaped, and after many wanderings landed in Egypt, built the first temple at Sais, and taught the wisdom of his native land. That, for Churchward, settles who the first people of Lower Egypt were, and that Thoth was a living man, not a myth. The Troano manuscript says the first colonists on the Nile delta were Mayas. If they came from Atlantis and were Mayas, at least part of Atlantis was Maya.

Orpheus: in Chaldea, the twin sister of Egypt, daughter of Poseidon, king of the lands beyond the sea, and Libya. Some writers took “lands beyond the sea” as the Lands of the West and made Atlantis into Mu. He corrects them with the priests’ own words to Solon. The mud after the destruction of Atlantis is the barrier. The lands beyond the sea, in that sentence, are Atlantis. In one Oriental temple there is a long history of Atlantis written 20,000 years ago.

The geological tale starts in a valley in Central Asia, at a headwater of the Brahmaputra, in a monastery on a spur, with clay tablets divided into sections, one of them geology and history back before man, and an extended history of Atlantis with a map about two feet square. The coasts around the Atlantic are not today’s. The sentence he quotes: Atlantis was not always an island. Before man, when great monsters roamed, Atlantis was joined to America, Europe, and Africa. A volcanic convulsion broke the American end into islands. A later convulsion on the other side submerged land and made a sea. Atlantis was then an island. He says he uses modern names so a reader can find the places.

The North Atlantic bed: an enormous submarine plateau, the Dolphin Ridge, between 25 and 50 degrees north and between 20 and 50 degrees west, with short submarine ranges. The Azores are the tops of one range. Parts of the boundary are perpendicular walls, thousands of feet high, like the walls of a house whose roof has fallen in. About 600 miles (965 kilometers) west and a little south of Ireland is the wall he names the Irish Wall. Another is at the edge of the Caribbean. From the Banks of Newfoundland a southerly slope falls like a roof. The Caribbean bottom looks to him as if a supporting wedge, thick end toward the Atlantic, had been withdrawn, leaving shallow water over the thin end. The plateau is nearly level but broken and jagged. He says four-fifths or more of the disturbed rock strata of the world could only have been piled as they are by falling, not by upheaval.

The Great Central Gas Belt, on his map at page 109, runs from Mu to Asia Minor. Two divisions pass under Mu, east under the Pacific, and split before America. The northern passes under Yucatan, the southern under Guatemala and Honduras, then both under the West Indies, where they close into two trunks. The northern trunk goes to the Azores, splits, and enters Europe under Spain and Portugal. The southern trunk goes to the Canaries, splits, and enters Africa near Morocco, forming the Atlas. The southern division was forged later and lies thousands of feet, possibly miles, deeper. That difference is why the first submergence left Atlantis awash at low tide, with mud and weed that stopped shipping, a fact he says is in the temple histories of Egypt. Only after the southern division was forged could ships cross again. Mu and Atlantis were both held up by isolated gas chambers over the path of a forming belt. The same belt, he says, was the double assassin. Had there been no isolated chambers, the belt would have raised mountains instead of sinking the lands. Geology dates the sinking only as the time the belt formed under the North Atlantic. History, he says, shows the first going down to awash at 9500 B.C., and a later sinking to where she lies. She was a large continent and in the end went down thousands of feet. The hole drew water off the surrounding shores. The Mississippi, the St. Lawrence, Florida, and the Atlantic coast are his examples, as in the previous chapter.

About the same time, the Appalachian-Iceland-Scandinavian belt formed, from the eastern southern states through Labrador, Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, and the Urals, with many branches. Before it, America and Europe were joined by the land geologists call the Overland Route to Europe, his shaded A, B, and C. The forging broke that bridge. He accuses geology of putting the cart before the horse. Geology records a general rise of the Atlantic coast in a recent period, and the same on the west coast, from marine beaches inland, the Champlain beaches, in the Pleistocene. Europe has the like. He says the belts, the mountains, and the great submergences belong to the Pleistocene, and that the beaches stand where they do from two causes, the lowered ocean and the lifting that came with the belts, not from uplift alone.

The Canaries lie over the southern Atlantic division, 60 to 120 miles (193 kilometers) off the northwest corner of Africa, opposite the belt’s entry under Morocco. Ancient craters, in his use, are those from before the belts, with no connection to a belt. The Peak of Teneriffe, 12,000 feet (3657 meters), is modern, made by the belt. Chahorra, on Teneriffe, has marks of both, and he can find no record of an eruption. The Grand Caldera on La Palma, 50 to 60 miles (96.56 kilometers) northwest of Teneriffe, is ancient, the largest crater he knows, four to five miles across, against three miles for ancient Kilauea, and 6,500 to 7,000 feet (2133 meters) deep. The drop from its original depth looks gradual. He thinks the seal packed down under later shocks. He believes La Palma was once part of Atlantis, and that this crater helped empty the gases that held her up. The island’s myth says the Peak of Teneriffe was thrown up out of spite by the Grand Caldera during a terrific upheaval. His reading: Teneriffe lay on the forming belt, the line of least resistance, and was punctured, while the caldera, 40 to 50 miles (80.47 kilometers) off and not connected, stayed inactive. The Grand Caldera de Bandama, on Grand Canary, 40 miles (64.37 kilometers) southeast of Teneriffe, is another ancient crater, a mile across. The other Canary craters are modern.

The Azores lie on the northern division, which emerged them. They are the tops of a submarine range. When the first chamber blew out, this land went down with Atlantis. When the belt formed, it raised the range until the tops stood above water. The only link he offers is the cavern Furna de Furnao Forge, an ancient crater moved from the vertical to the horizontal when the surface was lifted, so that it is now entered from the side of a hill. He has touched only the high points. To him, the geology shows that Atlantis once existed.

Western Europe

Man first trod Europe in the northwest, before the Overland Route was wrecked, before the British Isles were cut off, and before any settlement on Atlantis. The Scandinavian countries were settled from Central America at least 50,000 years ago. He cannot say whether any descendants survived the Great Magnetic Cataclysm.

The first settlers were Quetzals, headed by King Quetzal, driven out by invaders who were to become the forefathers of the present Latin races. The Central American tradition: some escaped in ships, others fled to the forests and were never heard of again. The ships sailed toward the rising sun, prospered, and became great. They followed the coast to Scandinavia. The landing place is now under the sea. Remains of an exceedingly ancient race were found in Scandinavia. The finders called them the oldest people in Europe. Orthodox scientists, he says, kept the first Europeans on the Caucasian plains, out of Central Asia. He recalls the dispute as a draw, and the birth of two cults. The northern cult had remains. The Asiatic cult had theories. The Asia Minor remains he will show at Smyrna date in the Pleistocene, after the mountains. The Norway remains date tens of thousands of years before the mountains. He thinks the northern scientists called the people Givetz or Givetzies, and he is not sure of the name. The Quetzal tradition gives milk-white skins, blue eyes, and flaxen hair, the traits of Scandinavians now. Descendants, he says, still live in the forests of Honduras and Guatemala. His best Quetzal legends come from them, through a friend who spent several weeks in a village. Their traditions reach the raising of the mountains.

In Norway an ancient language is called Quanlan. In a specimen he finds many words of the language of Mu, other words with roots in it, and, what strikes him most, words identical in form and meaning with words in one of the southern Indian tongues. He connects Quanlan with Quetzal Land. No date for the arrival is possible except that it was before Atlantis or southern Europe were settled, because those regions were first settled by the people who had driven the Quetzals out, and that colonization took a long time to begin.

The Uighur empire covered Central Asia from the Pacific to the Urals, with colonies and outposts through central Europe, stopped only by the Atlantic. Two migrations entered Europe. The first was mostly wiped out by the cataclysm and the mountain raising. Three small communities survived. Their descendants are the Bretons of France, the Basques of Spain, and what he calls the genuine Irish. They are linguistically related. His illustration is a New York contractor in Cuba whose Irish foreman and a group of Basque laborers spoke together without an interpreter, the foreman calling the language Gaelic. A second story: an Irish drill-sergeant near Nepal, on the borders of Tibet, heard natives and said they were talking his language. The New York Times of Sunday, 18 August 1929, carried a Leningrad item in which Professor N. Marr, of the Russian Academy of Sciences, calls the Irish and the Armenians racial cousins and links them with the Scythians, and limits the claim to those in Ireland descended from the earliest known dwellers, not to all present inhabitants.

After the cataclysm, the Flood, and the mountains, small companies of Uighurs, called Aryans today, drifted into eastern Europe from the mountains of central and western Asia. Max Muller noted it. Oriental records speak of both migrations. The first entered during the Pliocene, before the mountains. The second during the Pleistocene, after, many thousands of years later. Remains of the first are few. The most important, found a short time before this book, is in what is now Moravia, a whole settlement buried by the flood and the mountain raising, under the foothills.

For southern and southwestern Europe he has no writings or inscriptions. He offers facts and leaves the theory to the reader. The Cro-Magnons are late. Their remains are in elevated and mountainous country, so they begin after the mountains. Bones of man and remains of his works lie in the gravel of the last Magnetic Cataclysm, which was before the mountains, so those people lived ages before the Cro-Magnons. A high civilization thousands of years before the mountains is what he will show in the road cut on Capital Hill at Smyrna. If one end of the Mediterranean was highly civilized, he thinks the other shores were too. Western Europe was colonized and recolonized. Remains are scarce because the ice brought down on the waters of the cataclysm ground life to a pulp. Eastern North America, likewise, has only one solitary human remain, Gilder’s Den Men of Nebraska. Flint tools, he says, are the stop-gaps between a civilization that has gone and the one now beginning. The argument is in the earlier book, in the chapter on the origin of savagery. From Osborn, Men of the Old Stone Age, page 477, he takes a nest of skulls in the grotto of Ofnet, all facing west, the direction of Mu for people who came by the western route. On the Asian side of the Pacific, objects face east, the direction of Mu from Asia. Angkor is his example: statuary, gates, temple faces, and roadways. The oldest Egyptian remains are but of yesterday, the oldest of Yucatan a day farther, Niven’s buried cities another day beyond. Writings of 70,000 years ago are to be seen in some Himalayan monasteries. Some date man at 200,000 or at 270,000 years. The dates are star positions. He does not know which figure, and leaves it to astronomers. The writings tell of man from the beginning.

The bison is a suggestion, and he says there is not a single fact behind it. It is the principal animal of the old French paintings. He is informed that no bison appears in the American cliff paintings, which do show bear, deer, ibex, mastodon, and great reptiles. The bison’s history is unknown. It is now called American, but it did not always live here, and no one knows when it appeared. Bison and buffalo lived in Europe. The French paintings prove a true bison there. Whether it was native or imported is open. His opinion, offered as opinion: the bison was imported into Europe and into America, and into Europe first. Southwestern France, Spain, and Portugal were colonized from Atlantis. If the bison is absent from the western American cliff galleries, it had not yet appeared in the west and southwest of America when those artists worked. The inference he offers is that it was brought from Atlantis to America, and that the artists, migrating from Atlantis to France, took bison with them. It is not a native of America, and it must have arrived after the last Magnetic Cataclysm, or the water and ice would have wiped it out as they wiped out the Den Men. He rejects the Bering land bridge, which he says scientists use whenever they are in a hole. Horns reported from Asia turned out to be a musk ox. No bison remains are known from Asia, including the bone islands of the Arctic, Llakoff’s Islands, where the southern wave of the cataclysm dumped the forest animals of Mongolia and Siberia off the mouth of the Lena. A celebrated report of a bison horn in a Cretaceous deposit collapsed when a triceratops skull was found nearby with one horn missing, and the fractures fitted.

The Greeks

With the Greeks he begins present nations that have survived from ancient times. Fragments of Greek history reach back twelve to fifteen thousand years, when the people, under the name of Athenians, were highly civilized. The gulf he wants to fill is between 12,000 and 30,000 years ago. Recorded history, as he counts it, starts with the First Olympiad, 1104 B.C. The first settlements were in Asia Minor, the Balkan peninsula, and whatever islands then existed.

He thinks it unquestionable that the builders of Baalbek were ancient Greeks, forefathers of some of the present Greeks. Asia Minor, like Mexico and Central America, has cities buried one under another, and the agent is cataclysm. He works back from the Dorian Migration, 1104 B.C., through Plato’s Timaeus in Benjamin Jowett’s translation.

The citizens of Sais say they are related to the Athenians. His footnote agrees, and states the chain he will use all through this chapter. Greeks and Egyptians were together in the Motherland, together in Mayax, and again in Atlantis, from which the Greeks went to Asia Minor and the Egyptians to Sais. They were the people who drove the Quetzals out of America. The priest tells Solon that the Hellenes are children, with no old opinion and no science hoary with age, because mankind has been destroyed many times, the greatest destructions by fire and water, and that whatever noble action happened has been written down of old. Churchward calls Jowett’s “written down of old” a poor translation. His own would be: a record was made at the time and preserved in the temples. “The stream from heaven” is old Cara-Maya. The meaning is waters, by the will of heaven, a flood or a cataclysm, not a stream of anything. There was no usual time. The cataclysms depend on a gas chamber blowing out, a belt forging under the ocean, or a block in a belt. The oldest imperishable records he knows are in Tibet, some written, by the astrological dates, 70,000 years ago. Hundreds in India date back 35,000 years, and some are older but undated.

The priest says the Greeks remember one deluge, and there were a number, and that the fairest race that ever lived dwelt in their land, of which they are a seed. The survivors made no sign. Churchward will not translate the Greek that way. His reading is “kept no records.” The people are the forefathers of those who started the temples at Baalbek, which were never finished. They were shaken down by earthquakes and volcanic workings during construction. Older Greek books are full of Cara-Maya. Unless the translator knows it, he is at a disadvantage. The vocabulary was changed three times. During the archonship of Euclydes the alphabet was revised, and the old philosophies went only about halfway with the change.

The priest then says that before the great deluge of all, the city which is now Athens was first in war and preeminent in laws. The goddess founded ancient Athens about 1,000 years before Sais, receiving from the earth and Hephaestus the seed of the race. Churchward calls that symbolism, the mother tongue of both the priest and Solon. It should be read: receiving from the Motherland the seed of your race. Many records say Asia Minor, the lower Balkans, and Egypt were colonized through Mayax and Atlantis. By the Sais temple records, a city stood where Athens stands, 11,500 years ago, and had been built 17,000 years ago, a thousand years before Lower Egyptian history.

The war with Atlantis he has already given, except the end. After the Athenian victory, violent earthquakes and floods, which he would translate earthquakes and cataclysms, and in a single day and night the warlike men sank in a body into the earth. That is the fate of ancient Athens: the land submerged and carried most of the people down. Atlantis disappeared in like manner. The sea was then impassable from the quantity of shallow mud caused by the submergence. He reads that as proof that Atlantis sank twice. If she lay awash not so long ago, the southern division of the Great Central Gas Belt was forged at a very recent date.

Ancient Troy: King Priam, whose treasures Schliemann found, lived 1194 B.C. Schliemann found no fewer than six cities, one on another. The early ones go back before the mountains, as Smyrna will show. The map on page 109 places the gas belts under the Balkans and Asia Minor. Remains are marked with circles. Some date back more than 25,000 years, corroborated, he says, by the Trojans and by the road cut on Capital Hill. Greeks and Egyptians are both, in his view, qualified to claim descent from the oldest men on earth.

The original Greeks came from Central America by way of Atlantis, and settled first in Asia Minor, the lower Balkans, and the islands of the Grecian archipelago that then existed. In Central America he finds them as Kars, Karas, Caras, and Carians, speaking their own dialect of Maya. Some settlements were inside the Mayax empire. They also ran far south on both coasts of South America. Old Maya records name settlements on the Caribbean shores, on some of the West Indian islands, and three on the east coast of South America. One record goes back beyond 16,000 years. How far beyond, he will not say. Greek legendary history puts the first settlements on the Mediterranean shores of Asia Minor.

He compares them to the Irish, who “never would stay put.” Gaelic is spoken in Tipperary, in the Basque province, and in Nepal. A man from each, set down together, will talk as if they had been raised in one village. He quotes M. de Voltaire, The Universal History and State of All Nations, 1758, volume 3, page 13, loaned by J. Z. Adams, in whose family the book had been since 1780, and printed by A. Donaldson of Edinburgh: the Indians were no longer that people of superior knowledge into whose country the ancient Greeks used to travel for instruction. Churchward takes this as confirmation that India was the schoolhouse of the Greek philosophers, and of the Chinese as well.

How long after the first Carian settlement in Asia Minor a cataclysm wiped it out, and how often settlements were made and wiped out, he cannot say. Smyrna registers more than three, Troy more than four. The Carians went a long way back into Asia Minor, but not to the Caspian. Around the southern Caspian the settlement was another race, Semitic.

The philosophers do not agree, and he lists them. Homer, Iliad 10, 428 to 429: the Carians were among the earliest inhabitants of Asia Minor and the Greek archipelago. Herodotus, himself a Carian, book 1, 171: the ancient Carians called themselves Heleges, a warlike seafaring people who, when requested, manned the ships of Minos. Max Muller, Fragments of the Greek Historians, volume 4, page 475: Philip of Theangela, a Carian historian, said the Carian idioms were mixed with Greek words. Thucydides, book 1, 8: the Carians were pirates, and King Minos expelled them from the Cyclades. Strabo, book 7, 321, and book 13, 611: the Carians held all Ionia and the Aegean islands until the Ionians and Dorians drove them out, and they then settled on the mainland. They do connect Central America, Greece, and Asia Minor with the Carians. Greek patterns, ancient and many modern, match the traceries of the Cara-Mayas of Central America and Yucatan. The Greek cross is taken from the central figure of the royal escutcheon of Mu. In the earlier book he showed a vase from Niven’s buried cities, with Greek patterns, over 50,000 years old. Other tribes settled beside the Carians and eventually fought them.

The date “25,000 years ago” for the condition of Asia Minor is a figure of speech. The actual date may be 50,000 or more. Without written records, dates are guesswork. He spends a paragraph on geologists who add zeros, and on what he calls time and temperature cranks. Many cities were built in Asia Minor before the belts and the mountains. Each cataclysm destroyed the city and the people. The country was repeopled, a new city built, and the next cataclysm took it, until the belts formed. After that, calamities of this kind can only be minor, from a blocked belt.

Language is a surer link than anything except written records. The old Greek language was pure Cara-Maya, and today Greek has more Maya words than any modern language except Sinhalese. The Greek alphabet is pure Cara-Maya. Each letter is a Maya vocable or a combination of them, and together they make an epic of the destruction of Mu. He gave the full translation in the earlier book and repeats a straight reading here, for readers who have not seen it. Heavily the waters break over the plains. They cover the low places. Where there are obstructions, shores form. The earth is struck with water. The waters spread on all that lives and moves. Foundations give way. Submerged is the Land of Mu. Peaks only appear above the water. Whirlwinds blow, and the cold air comes gradually. Where valleys were, there are now great depths, cold abysses. In circular places, mud banks form. A mouth opens, vapors pour forth, and volcanic sediments. The revision was made in the archonship of Euclydes, 403 B.C. The principal changes, against the old forms, are initial letters: Gamma was Kamma, Delta was Telta, Rho was Laho, Sigma was Zigma. The vocabulary was changed more widely.

Remains at Troy, Baalbek, Ephesus, and Smyrna show highly civilized people tens of thousands of years before history as we have it. For Smyrna he uses Mark Twain, Innocents Abroad, from page 131. Riding through the town one sees the marks of the six Smyrnas, matching the six Troys, burned or thrown down. The hill to the citadel is steep. At one place 500 feet (152 meters) above the sea, a bank ten to fifteen feet high exposes three veins of oyster shells, about eighteen inches thick and two or three feet apart, slanting down thirty feet or more, and among the shells at the road are fragments of ancient crockery. Churchward reads three cataclysms and three civilizations before the mountains of Asia Minor were raised, with time enough between them to recolonize and rebuild. The remains now 500 feet (152 meters) up, with the strata conforming to the mountainside, are pre-Pleistocene, back in the Tertiary. The mountains rose during the Pleistocene. In all his research he has found only two written references to cataclysms in Europe and Asia Minor, an Egyptian one and the Bible. Plato’s does not count as purely Greek, because it came from Egypt through Solon. Traditions and geology, he says, confirm the records everywhere else.

Baalbek lies northeast of Beirut, between the east end of the Mediterranean and the north end of the Syrian desert. He calls the ruins the most majestic ancient structures on earth, and says no vestige has been found of when or by whom they were built. He chooses Mark Twain’s description, from Innocents Abroad, as the one for laymen, and says the book holds a bagful of hard nuts for the scientist. Twain: at eleven o’clock, the walls and columns, a sealed history, grandeur of design and grace of execution not equaled in any work of the last twenty centuries. The Temple of the Sun, the Temple of Jupiter, and smaller temples stand on substructures of blocks as large as an omnibus, tunneled so that a train might pass. The Temple of the Sun is nearly 300 feet (91 meters) long and 160 wide, with 54 columns, six still standing, Corinthian, column and entablature 90 feet (27.43 meters) high, the shafts eight feet through. The Temple of Jupiter is smaller, in a tolerable state, one of nine columns almost uninjured, 65 feet (19.81 meters) high. One stretch of the platform is three stones, nearly 300 feet (91 meters), 13 feet (3.96 meters) square, two of them 64 feet (19.51 meters) long and the third 69, built into the wall 20 feet (6.1 meters) up. In the quarry, a quarter of a mile downhill, lies the mate of the largest stone, 14 feet (4.27 meters) by 17 and 70 feet (21.34 meters) long. Churchward adds that this stone weighs over 1,200 tons, and that its mate is already in the platform. The last three columns of the Temple of the Sun fell in the earthquake of 1759.

He then attacks Richard Curie in Wonders of the Past, volume 1, pages 129 to 130. Curie says the buildings we see are mainly Roman, from the era of Antoninus Pius, A.D. 86 to 161, quarried about half a mile away, and that a still larger stone, 68 by 14 feet (4.27 meters), may simply have been too large to move. Churchward says neither Roman, Greek, nor Egyptian history mentions the building, though all three were recording works at that time, and the Greeks, a few hundred miles off, had been recording for 1,200 to 1,300 years before Curie’s date. The architecture is not Roman, and the Romans did not build temples to the Sun. Some authorities say some of the marble pillars came from central Egypt. He asks why Egypt, Rome, and Greece are then silent. The stone in the quarry shows the work was never finished, and that the end was sudden. The unfinished monolith on Easter Island, 8,000 to 10,000 miles (16093 kilometers) away, is the parallel. Earthquakes destroyed the buildings when they were well toward completion. What became of the builders, no one can say. They are not the civilizations in the Smyrna road cut, because those existed before the mountains, and Baalbek was built after.

Nothing definite can be said of the builders. The pillars are Corinthian, the oldest Greek pattern, and he thinks the Corinthian was a development of the Cara. The first settlers in Asia Minor included forefathers of some present Greeks. Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Strabo, and Souchis of Sais are his ground for thinking the builders were those forefathers, and the Greeks who formed the Hellenes. He ends the ruins with a comparison: man today is inferior in many mechanical workings and knows nothing of the forces the forefathers knew.

The skull from Capernum, as this copy spells it, in Asia Minor, has excited European scientists, who say the man lived 30,000 B.C. and was among the first men. The age is theory, like all such discoveries. The three civilizations in the Smyrna cut are older, and their age is geological fact. A skull of unknown vintage, he says, reveals nothing.

Egypt

He is not writing a history of Egypt. Two claims only: who the original Egyptians were, and that they were children of Mu who came from the Motherland. The two religious cults stop being enigmas, he says, once the peopling is known. The keys were held by a few Oriental sages who rarely met the outer world, and when they spoke they were dismissed.

Egypt was colonized twice, from opposite ends. From the west, to Lower Egypt, the first settlement at Sais on the delta, anciently the Nile Colony. From the east, to the east coast of Africa from Cape Guardefui to the head of the Red Sea. In India he finds the name Maioo. He cannot say whether Maioo was the whole of that coast or only the part near Suakin. Maioo was the capital, and seemingly the district, at the time of the Indian records. From the coast they worked inland to the Nile and spread up and down. Upper and Lower Egypt met, and another chain of man around the earth was closed. About ten thousand years after the settlement at Sais, Upper Egypt overthrew Lower Egypt, and the two became one empire.

The Maioo colony: after the Babylonian colony, the interval unknown, Nagas from India went to northeast Africa, the Gulf of Aden, and the west coast of the Red Sea. Indian and Egyptian records speak of Maioo in Nubia. It stood on the Red Sea near modern Suakin. The move was somewhere about 15,000 years ago. The country was still flat. African mountains had not been raised, and he doubts that the present deserts existed there. The settlers reached the White and Blue Niles, grew powerful, conquered the Mayas of Lower Egypt, and made one empire. Mena, or Menes, was the first dynastic king of both, and with him the title King of the North and South.

Their principal symbol of the Deity, the Sun, traces them, and so do Indian and Egyptian writings. The winged solar disk with a pair of serpents was brought into Lower Egypt by the Upper Egyptians. It is the only winged circle among ancient designs that includes a serpent. The serpent keeps the memory that in the mother country they used Naga, the serpent, for the Creator. The Sun is the central figure. Next after it, the serpent. No other symbol of the Deity is used except as a secondary attribute. The king’s crown carries the serpent. The Sun is not in the crown, because the Sun was the Infinite, and to wear it would have been sacrilege.

Philostratus, Life of Tyana, page 146: the first Egyptians were a colony from India. Valmiki, writing from the records of the Rishi temple at Ayhodia, which Narana, the high priest, read aloud to him: the Mayas from India established a colony in Egypt and named it Maioo. In the Ramayana, volume 1, page 342, Fauche’s translation: the Naacals first settled in the Deccan and from there carried religion and learning to Babylonia and Egypt. Brunsen, Egypt’s Place in World History, volume 4, page 58: the latest date for the start of Egyptian life, the migration from the Euphrates district, was 9850 B.C. Churchward cannot imagine Brunsen writing that without some record. He leaves the question open. Did the record mean Oman, counted as part of the Euphrates district, or did some Akkadians join companies going from Oman or Akkad? He has never seen a record of Akkadians taking part in the colonization of Egypt from India. Akkad may have been a supply station, so that a note of colonists leaving Akkad was misread as Akkadian colonists. The Hindu temple records say the colony was formed from India, not from the Euphrates. Philostratus agrees. Valmiki is the Indian witness he thinks sufficient, with those two.

In Egypt, Brugsch Bey, History of Egypt under the Pharaohs, volume 2, pages 78 and 174: the name Maioo is in the list of lands conquered by Thotmes III, and in a list in a sepulchral chamber in Nubia. Nubia, in his geography here, is Upper Egypt on the west coast of the Red Sea, beginning a little north of the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb. Suakin is a present seaport of Nubia.

He rejects the theory that the original Egyptians came from the Euphrates, crossed the Assyrian desert, entered Lower Egypt, worked up to the two Niles, and then split into two empires. There is no record or legend for it. Berosus said the people the Semitics first met on the Euphrates were half fish and half human. Valmiki said the Mayas were mighty navigators. A water route was shorter, in sight of land, and without an obstruction. He also refuses the picture of colonists leaving the delta to push into deserts.

The Nile Colony, Lower Egypt, was started at Sais by Mayas from Atlantis under Thoth, about 16,000 years ago. The delta was neglected by the early Mediterranean settlers. Geological phenomena show Asia Minor, the Balkan peninsula and islands, and the Caucasian plains occupied many thousands of years before 14,000 B.C. Those lands were rich, watered, and mild. The delta looked hot and sandy. Only scarcity of land, or some untoward event, took the first settlers there.

He repeats, and says he repeats, the Atlantis records, so the Egyptian thread can be read without turning back. The differences of wording are worth keeping. The Maycarne tablet, in this chapter, says the Egyptians descended from Misar, not Misor. Misar was the child of Thoth. Thoth, son of a priest of Atlantis, built the first temple at Sais and taught the wisdom of his native land. The “god of history” clause and the daughter of Chronos are in the Atlantis chapter’s wording, not in this shorter one. The Troano manuscript: fleeing the wrath of her brother Aac, Queen Moo sailed toward the rising sun, reached the Maya settlement lately established on the Nile, and met Thoth, the founder, who became her friend and her preceptor in religion. The papyrus of Pharaoh Sent: an expedition west, seeking Atlantis, from whence 3,350 years before the Egyptians had arrived with the wisdom of their native land. Rawlinson, Origin of Nations, page 13, and Diodorus, History, volume 1, page 30, are given in nearly the same sentence: the Egyptians claimed their ancestors were strangers who settled on the Nile in very remote times. Diodorus adds the civilization of their mother country, the art of writing, and a polished language, a coming from the direction of the setting sun, and a claim to be the most ancient of men. Herodotus: they boasted that their ancestors in the lands of the West were the oldest men on earth. Teiss, A Miracle of Stone, page 40: they came from Kui Land, the country of the gods in the west. Plutarch’s 9,000 years, the mud, Atlantis destroyed by earthquakes, the country beyond by floods. Orpheus: Egypt, the daughter of Poseidon, which Churchward glosses as Atlantis. Lepsius found the same sacred symbols in Egyptian ceremonials as among the American Mayas.

His list of what that evidence shows: the first Egyptians were Mayas; Lower Egypt came from Atlantis; Upper Egypt came from India; both colonies were later augmented from the Motherland by way of India and Mayax; the people of Mu were the first men; Atlantis was destroyed by earthquakes and submerged; America was destroyed and left impassable and uninhabitable for a long time; in Egypt, Mu was also called the Lands of the West and Kui Land; Mu existed and was the original habitat of man; Egypt was a colony of Mu and, after Mu sank, an empire.

Osborn’s sentence, that Egypt shows no early savagery, he accepts as far as the high civilization of the first settlers. He rejects the rider, that they had lost much of their language and their entire writing. Diodorus, before page 50, says they brought a written language and kept it. The sixty-fourth chapter of the Book of the Dead was written by Thoth at the start of Egyptian history. The hieratic alphabet is the one he printed on page 34. Down to a few hundred years B.C., many of those letters remain in the later symbolic alphabets and run through the Book of the Dead.

Osiris. Egyptologists split: myth, symbol, or man, perhaps a king. The Egyptians say he lived, and claim various birthplaces, which shows that none of them knows more than that he headed the Triune of Lower Egypt. The Naacals recorded him. Osiris was born in Atlantis about 22,000 years ago. As a young man he went to the Motherland, entered a Naacal college, stayed until he was a master and a Holy Brother, returned to Atlantis, purged the religion of extravagances, and became head of the Atlantian church for a long life. The people wanted to dethrone the king and put him on the throne. He refused. At his death he was deified, and the religion was called after him, as the Christian religion is called after the teachings of Christ. The Naacal writings do not say how he died. The Egyptian tale is a tragedy. A brother, Set, jealous of the people’s love, murdered him. About ten thousand years after Thoth, the priesthood, to enslave the people, turned Set into the devil. Before that invention, a devil was unknown. The fight was between the soul, or Divine Force, and the material affinities, for control of the mind and, through the mind, of the body. The teachings of Osiris, Gautama, and Jesus are often identical word for word, because all three preached the first religion, as told in the Sacred Inspired Writings.

The Egyptian claim that Osiris was born in Egypt is a myth. Thoth founded Lower Egypt, built the first temple at Sais, and taught the Osirian religion as he brought it from Atlantis. The Book of the Dead verifies that. Why the Egyptians assigned Osiris to the charge of Amend, as this copy prints it, is unclear to him, except as symbolism.

Isis, sister-wife in the Lower Egyptian Triune, was a symbol only, nature as the female and productive principle, the executrix of the Creator’s commands. He has never seen her as a mummy. People who really lived are often shown as mummies, or as a god with a special head. Calling her the wife of Osiris is symbolism. An old Egyptian writing: Isis can never die, although from age to age her vestments change. Rider Haggard, in a scene before the Sphinx after the Persian overthrow, has the gods say they were created out of Egypt’s mud and return to it, and has Isis say she is the lost spirit, that she created Egypt by a divine command, that on the Nile she is Isis and everywhere else she is nature, the visible garment of the Almighty. Churchward does not know whether Haggard took the speech from a document. “By divine command” is the phrase of the Sacred Writings, as he showed in the earlier book. Isis was the symbol of the Moon. The Moon was her head ornament, and the ancient symbol of the feminine principle.

He returns to Niven’s tablet No. 150, over 12,000 years old. The caption’s distance and depth are broken in this scan. I do not use them. The upper face is the Sun, male, confirmed by a circle with a dot on either side. The lower face is the Moon, female, confirmed the same way. Four box cartouches in temple numerals say the Creator created one which became two, the two produced three, from these three all mankind descended, and the statement is repeated. The same conception is among the Hindus, the Incas, and the Mayas, and among the carvers of the tablets. Their legend: the Moon was the sister-wife of the Sun. The symbolism starts in the Sacred Writings more than 70,000 years ago, to teach that the Deity was dual in creation. Lahun is the glyph.

Horus, son of Osiris and Isis, sometimes reads as a living man and sometimes as a symbol of the Sun, Ra. Churchward finds nothing about Isis or Horus in the Naacal writings, so he presumes they are Egyptian symbols only. The head of the Lower Egyptian church was called the Horus, as the head of the Catholic church is called the Pope. Early Egypt was ruled by the church before it was a kingdom. Egyptologists have given Horus a life from Osiris, 22,000 years ago, to Menes, 5,000 years ago, 17,000 years. He says this outdoes the Hindu mistranslation of Rama, who lasted only 10,000 years, and that Methuselah was never in their class. The first Horus may have been Osiris’s son and, at the father’s death, hieratic head of the Atlantian church. He cannot say. Herodotus, book 2, 144: Horus was the hieratic head of Egypt before Menes. Manetho: the sages, the hieratic heads, reigned in Egypt ten thousand years. Manetho refers to six different Horuses. In some ceremonies Horus replaces Ra, so Horus is the Sun. In the Motherland the hieratic head took the title Ra Mu. In Egypt he took Horus. The last Horus before Menes is, according to Manetho, the one who immediately preceded him. When the two Egypts united, Upper Egypt’s most sacred symbol was the Sun and Lower Egypt’s was the Triune headed by Osiris. For two thousand years the priesthoods fought. Kings took sides. The details, he says, are in most histories of Egypt.

The priesthood’s greed reached its climax after the priests of Amon had gathered wealth enough to dominate the land. He says there is no exception in history: control of a country’s wealth ends in that country’s fall. The kings became tools. The priests usurped the throne. King-high priest became high priest-king. The army rebelled, and the priests of Amon fled into Ethiopia. It is not strictly true that they never entrusted the sacred mysteries to outsiders. Greek philosophers were entrusted with them: Solon, Thales, Pythagoras, Herodotus, Eumolphus, Plato, Orpheus, and possibly others.

The first temple at Sais was built by Thoth 16,000 years ago, at the commencement of Egyptian history, confirmed by the tablet Schliemann dug up at Maycarne. The discovery was reported at the time only to his grandson, who then excavated Sais. Paul’s report, as Churchward prints it: five months in the ruins; a burial chamber of the musical celebrities; a huge stone casket and musical instruments in a catacomb supposed to be of the Third Dynasty; a papyrus not yet deciphered, which Paul thinks is a kind of musical writing; the hieroglyphs say the instruments belonged to the orchestra of the temple of Sais and were used at the crowning of Pharaoh Amen-emhat I. Instruments imitate wind, waves, birds, and other voices of nature. A wood trumpet makes the roar of an angry lion. A flute has a tone Paul calls magical. Most instruments are wood and porcelain. One horn is a brass-like metal. Harp strings are an unknown fiber, thin and strong, almost like silver wire, and other strings the chemists say were spun from human hair, the highest notes of a violin from the long hair of a beauty of that age. An anthem of the Sun required an orchestra of sixty-five and a chorus of eighty. The chief instrument, a hollow monotonous tone, is a bleached human skull whose cavity was made into an artificial throat. An inscription on a small bone says it contained the sounds of the other instruments and of the human voice. It was called the dead throat. Paul’s conclusion: Egypt carried the culture of Atlantis to the Nile, the older Egypt was the more cultured it was, and the nation degenerated after Atlantis vanished. Churchward adds that after Mu sank, civilizations throughout the world either degenerated or stood still, Egypt and India included.

The Ethiopians are still a mystery if one cannot test the language. Southern Indian traditions say that in ages gone by, companies of Tamils sailed toward the setting sun, reached a great land, settled, prospered, and became great. If he could obtain their language and writing, he could say at once whether they were Tamils. He does not claim that he has.

The Western Lines

Two main lines west, two secondary lines, and some short independent ones. The southern main line, the one most is known about, runs from Mu to Burma, Burma to India, and from India to Babylonia and to Upper Egypt, Nubia, and the White and Blue Niles. The people were Nagas, and afterward took the names of their settlements. A secondary line runs from Mu to the Malay Islands, to southern India, which they called Dravida, and to Africa south of Nubia. These are Tamils: black, finely chiseled, straight black hair. The most important western line is the northern one, the Uighurs, forefathers of the Aryan races, and possibly the first colonial empire, unquestionably the largest and most powerful of Mu’s colonial empires. A short independent line to the Malay Islands was carried by Quiche Mayas, whose color varies more than any other race, from white to dark brown. They joined several lines, and are found in Central America, South America, the South Sea islands, and the Malay Islands. The Japanese are one branch. The Mongols settled in the northern parts of Asia. A secondary line of yellow Mongols settled north of Burma, in what is now Cochin China. The Chinese coolies of today are their descendants.

He pauses on method. Deductions are likely to be wrong. Archaeology has lived on them, and records refute them daily. A single discovery is one link, not a chain. Speculation is admissible. A deduction stated as fact is not.

Hindu written history, legends, records, and traditions dovetail, in his view, so that the accuracy is not in question. Traditions say settlements were made in the Malay Islands. The Karangs of Java, by their rites, show forefathers from the Motherland. That is tradition he thinks verified.

Burma. Very little is known. It apparently included the whole Malay peninsula and lands north and east of it. Traditions say the southern coasts were not as now. Lands have been submerged and emerged. Burma was the Nagas’ first stop. The name is two vocables of the mother tongue and means The New Land. They took their name from Naga, the seven-headed serpent, their symbol for the Creator. Valmiki, from temple records: the Mayas came from the Motherland, one moon’s journey toward the rising sun, first to Burma, where they became Nagas, then to the Deccan. The Naacals, Holy Brothers, left their homes in the east and went first to Burma, then to India. The city they sailed from was Hiranypura. Its remains are on one of the Caroline Islands, due east from Burma. Himalayan tablets on the first Uighur settlement just north of Burma say colonization began more than 70,000 years ago. The first history we otherwise know of Burma begins only a thousand or fifteen hundred years ago, but ancient cities remain, and Valmiki confirms a very ancient date.

Cambodia is a part of ancient Burma. The Meikong runs through it, and along the river are many remains. Whether any belong to the first civilization is open. The bulk date only to about 1,400 to 1,600 years ago, by French excavation. At Angkor the magnificence is unsurpassed, even if most of it is not very old. French archaeologists see three eras. The last is after the seventh century A.D. The Khimer architecture ended during that century. Behind it, a third, by an unknown people. Those may be the first civilization. He will not say without seeing the stones. From photographs, the carvings seem traceable to the Maya of Yucatan and Central America. Angkor Vat was finished in the first half of the seventh century, and contains 1,025 yards of sculpture, with hundreds of thousands of figures.

From Edmund Chandler, in Hammerton’s Wonders of the Past, volume 1: the founders have passed away and left no trace. Modern Cambodia has no traditions of them. French conclusions contradict one another. The earliest inhabitants were called Campias, whose cult was serpent worship, later Khomen. Fournereau fixes an Aryan invasion from India in the fifth century A.D. under Prea Thang, founder of the Khimer empire, which ended in A.D. 650. Churchward denies “serpent worshipers,” and says he will show why. From the little he saw before a shovelful of dirt was removed, the Khimers came from India. Malay islands were invaded from India about this date, and Cambodia is next door to one of the greatest Hindu settlements in the Malays. Chandler’s carvings of Rama and Hanuman fighting the Rakshas are the Hindu epic of Rama and Sita. Angkor Thom, three miles north of Angkor Vat, was the Khimer capital, and Chandler calls the builders much earlier than Angkor Vat. Churchward says the empire lasted only about 200 years, so there is no room for “very much earlier.” Chandler’s grotesque goddesses are sacred figures telling a tale. The cobra’s cowl, the seven-headed Naga, is the genius of Angkor. A serpent rising from a tank is an ancient symbol of creation. A shrine of 37 towers around a pagoda, each with four Brahmin faces toward the four points, is the Sacred Four governing the material universe. Fournereau, he says, has established India as the land of origin. The book he trusts for description is Helen Churchill Candee, Angkor the Magnificent. One inscription she makes useful: this temple is dedicated to Naga, the seven-headed serpent, who by his will created all things. Naga is not a demigod. It is the Creator.

A close look at the carvings, he says, cries Motherland. The royal lotus, Mu’s flower, is everywhere. The trident, scepter of the Empire of the Sun, is prominent. Headdresses carry Mu’s numeral. Every building except the last at Angkor Vat faces east. Conventional figures the French call lions rise and face east, and their mouths are the letter M of Mu’s hieratic alphabet, the alphabetical symbol of Mu.

The geological tale of the disappearance: more than one cataclysmic wave has rolled up the Meikong, a fact he says the archaeologists have missed. Three gas belts run north and south through the country. Two more run under the oceans, one on each side of Burma. All but the extreme eastern belt join a huge belt under Sumatra, Java, and farther east, one of the greatest volcanic regions on earth. Only Japan surpasses it. Ancient Burma was wiped out about 12,000 years ago, when those belts were forged and the mountains rose. The Khimer civilization was wiped out by a wave up the Meikong. The marks are prominent around the bases of the ruins at Angkor Thom. The cause was a block on the belt that runs from near the mouth of the Meikong to Krakatoa. The gases forged a new section around the block, raised the ocean bottom, and the displaced water became the wave.

India

India, under the ancient name Bharata for the Deccan, carried Mu’s civilization for nearly eight thousand years after the volcanic forces tore the Motherland apart. From that destruction until about 500 B.C. she stood first in religion, philosophy, astronomy, the sciences, music, art, and medicine. The Akkadians, Sumerians, Babylonians, and Upper Egyptians were her offspring. He says one need not quote writings to prove the age. On the bed of the Indian Ocean, a few miles off the west coast, remains of great structures can be seen. Histories that start Indian civilization 4,000 or 5,000 years ago are, in his word, nonsensical.

The submerged lands start at about 21 degrees north, just below the mouth of the Indus, and run south to about the equator, an elongated oval. The Lacadive and Maidive islands, as he spells them, lie inside it. He has passed close and never landed, so he cannot say whether they are unsunken fragments or later coral. Shallow water stretches north and south, cut by deeper channels. Fishermen know the remains. Hindu scientists know them. No one can account for structures on the bottom, because Hindu history, however far back it is pushed, does not mention the submergence, and does not go past 3000 B.C. Tablets in India, hundreds and maybe thousands, date from some 15,000 to 35,000 years ago. If they were deciphered, an account might appear. He has never seen a reference to this sinking anywhere. It probably fell in the five to seven thousand years when, apparently, no history was being written anywhere. The structures can be seen, so the fact stands. He does not doubt the cause, and he thinks the present island of Ceylon was raised by the same event.

Loss of the mother tongue and of the Motherland’s writing was the result of Aryan domination. From the time the Aryans controlled India, the civilization fell, until it was found where it was two hundred years ago. Historians have put the start of Hindu civilization at the point where the decline began, about 4,000 years ago. The submerged structures are his proof of a high civilization tens of thousands of years before the Aryan hillmen of the Hindu Koosh entered the Saraswatti valley. Temple records carry India, mother of Babylonia and of Upper Egypt, back beyond 35,000 years.

India is a modern name, only about 2,300 to 2,400 years old. In the ancient records he has read, only the Naga empire, the Maharatta kingdom, and Dravida are named. The name came from Greek. When Alexander invaded in 325 B.C., a river in the northwest was called Sindhu. The Greeks made it Indu, then Hindu. The river became the Indus, the people Hindus and Indians. The section is called Sind today.

From the Ramayana, Hippolyte Fauche: the first people in India were Mayas from the Motherland. They went first to Burma, became the Nagas, and in the Deccan became the Danavas. A footnote from Naacal writings in a Tibetan monastery: the Mayas settled in India over 70,000 years ago, and were swarthy, with dark piercing eyes. They were mighty navigators when the sun had not yet risen above the horizon. That sentence is a symbol, not the orb. It means before the Hindu colony was turned into a colonial empire and given a rising sun with rays, under the suzerainty of the Empire of the Sun. They were learned architects and built great cities. They were warriors and conquered the southern peninsula, a victory over the Tamils of Dravida, tens of thousands of years before the Aryans. When India later split into little kingdoms, the Tamils regained independence. The Naacals left the east as missionaries, taught the Nagas in Burma, settled in the Deccan, and carried religion and learning to Babylonia and Egypt.

Valmiki is the Hindu writer he feels closest to, because he has seen so many of the temple writings the poems came from. He pictures Valmiki at the feet of Narana, as he himself later sat at the feet of another master. The Ramayana was dictated from the originals. When Valmiki turned Rama and Sita into verse he used poetic license. It should also be read in prose. Valmiki went to Narana, one of the seven principal priests, and asked for the history. Narana read it from the temple histories. In verse, Rama seems the son of the celestial orb. In the prose, “Son of the Sun” is the colonial title of a royal descendant of the Motherland. The synopsis, which he also gives from Romesh Dutt: the love of Rama and Sita, her abduction by Ravana, demon king of Ceylon, Rama’s overthrow of Ravana, and her return. The poem is full of symbols explained in other Hindu texts. He quotes Dutt’s stanzas of the abduction in the celestial car, “yoked with asses winged with speed,” and of Rama’s weapon, Brahmin’s weapon, flaming, winged as the dart of Indra, which pierced Ravana. Dutt, he says, flagged the word “asses” because the original word has no match in English and means a majestic power or force. Translation loses a beauty the original insinuates. Dutt’s is still the best.

Two Hindu manuscripts, both in his view from the same temple records at Ayhodia as the poem, referring back 20,000 years. One, date unknown, B.C.: at dawn Rama took the celestial car Pushpaka, sent by Vivpishand. It moved itself, was large and finely painted, had two stories and many chambers with windows, was draped with flags, and gave a melodious sound as it coursed its airy way. One dated 500 B.C.: Rawan, king of Ceylon, the question mark is Churchward’s, flew over the enemy and dropped bombs. He was captured and slain, and the machine fell to the Hindu chieftain Ram Chandra, who flew it back to his capital Adjudhia in northern India. The Maha Bharata, about 1000 B.C., mentions the gift of a flying machine from one king to another. These are the most detailed accounts he has found of Hindu airships 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, except one, a drawing with instructions for the ship and its engine. The power is taken from the atmosphere, simply and cheaply. The engine is somewhat like a turbine, chamber to chamber, until exhausted. Once started it runs until it is turned off or the bearings wear out. The ships could circle the earth without landing until the machinery wore out. The limit is what metals will stand. Flights, by our maps, run from 1,000 to 3,000 miles (4828 kilometers). Every record says they were self-moving and independent of fuel. Bombing from the air, less than twenty years old with us, was done then. Rawan was shot down with a circular gun that spit fire and made thunder. Chinese records of about the same date speak of these machines. Modern historians call the Ramayana myth. The Hindus, he says, know better, and so does he. The writings are histories in the symbolical style of their time.

Wheeler, History of India, volume 3, pages 56 to 57: the Mayas became known later as Nagas and Danavas. Churchward would rather say they arrived as Nagas and afterward were called Danavas. Wheeler finds the Naga traditions obscure, but pointing to an ancient Maya or Naga empire in the Deccan, where Nagpoor stands. Churchward says the traditions are not that obscure. The Nagas formed the first Hindu empire. Their first king was called Ra Ma. See his footnote on page 63, where Ra Ma is the first emperor of the Naga empire, as against Ra Mu of the Motherland. Only traditions remain for the dates, and those are obscure. Tradition says the empire began more than 35,000 years ago. He thinks that is conservative. An empire followed the Naga and lasted 10,000 years. Some temple records say it ended about 3000 B.C. Wheeler’s “serpent worship” is the same error as Chandler’s. Naga was the cobra de capella in the Motherland, chosen as their symbol, given seven heads for the seven commands of creation.

H. T. Colebrook, Asiatic Researches, volume 2, pages 369 and 476: Prince Maya is considered the author of the Surya Siddhanta, which Churchward spells Souyra Siddhanta, the oldest Indian treatise on astronomy, and is represented as receiving the science from a partial incarnation of the Sun. Prince Maya was the son of an early Naga king. Tradition says he lived more than 20,000 years ago and as a young man studied in the colleges of the Motherland. “Incarnation” is the wrong word. The partial incarnation of the Sun is the colonial relation. Sir Robert Chambers found the work in Benares. The astronomical rules show trigonometry. Churchward’s opinion is that the original was written in the Motherland and brought back by the prince.

The Rig Veda, supposed to have been written about 1500 B.C., means verse and knowledge. It was written from temple histories and from legends, so it tells the past, not 1500 B.C. Some of it goes back tens of thousands of years, because it is in the writings of the Motherland. “Desire was formed in his mind” matches the Popol Vuh, the Quiche book written in Guatemala, “First desire was formed in his mind to create,” and the Nahuatl of Yucatan, which he spells Nahantl, “He expressed a desire to create.” “He who measures out the light in the atmosphere” matches the Nahuatl “in the atmosphere which contains the light,” and the Sacred Writings, “The arrows of the Sun met the arrows of the earth in her atmosphere and gave life to light.” He is sure, though he says he is without proof, that a Naacal poet composed the original and that the Aryans stole it. At the time it was written the Aryans were not educated enough to write such verse. The Naacals were. He is not criticizing histories of modern India. Ancient historians, except Robertson, start at the first Aryan settlement and call that the beginning. Temples have records. Figures and bas-reliefs are tableaux of events. A. E. Smith is right that the age of the Vedic literature is unknown and exceedingly remote. It is remote because it translates literature of the Motherland brought by the Naacals. The Aryans were not scholars until the Brahmins formed colleges on what they had learned from the Naacals, and then drove the Naacals out.

Vamana, against the ritualists: smearing the body with ashes is no improvement. An ass can wallow in dirt. Balls of food thrown to crows in the name of ancestors do not make a dung-eating crow into an ancestor.

W. Robertson, An Historical Disquisition on India, 1794, page 247: Greeks and Romans noted numbers by letters. The Indians from time immemorial used the ten ciphers and did every arithmetical operation with them. The Arabians, the Moors, brought the notation to Europe, and men of business dropped computation by letters. Churchward’s footnote: the ten glyphs did not originate in India. They were the cardinal numbers of the Motherland, and they carried an esoteric meaning, the creation of man by the one God. Page 249: the astronomical tables coincide with the Calyouhan or Collee Jaque, which by the Indian account began in 3102 B.C. His footnote says 3102 B.C. is at least a hundred years before the Aryans’ first small settlement in the Saraswatti valley. The Brahmins borrowed their cosmogony and learned astronomy and the other sciences from the Nagas, whom they then persecuted. Page 254: the early and high civilization, and the fact that the astronomy is most accurate for ages about 5,000 years from Robertson’s time, and agrees less as one comes nearer. Churchward reads the persecution as the death knell. When the Nagas could bear it no longer, those who could took their books north, to monasteries on the southern slopes of the Himalayas, and later were forced to the northern slopes, into Tibet. Very few remained in the south. Page 298: the places assigned to the sun, moon, and other bodies at that early epoch agree with the tables of De La Caille and Mayer. Churchward takes the whole passage as confirming his own work. The Naga civilization ranked among the foremost tens of thousands of years before the Aryan settlement. The Aryans were inferior. They learned from the Nagas. The Brahmins learned what they could, then persecuted the teachers.

Voltaire again, 1758, volume 3, page 13: the school of the gymnosophists was still at Benares. The Brahmins cultivated the sacred language, which they call Hanferit, and look on it as the most ancient of the East. They admit genii, like the primitive Persians. Idols are emblems of the deity, to fix the people’s attention, but that theology would turn no profit, so they conceal it. Churchward says this confirms Robertson and himself.

The Manava Dharma Sastra, according to Chezy, was written in 1300 B.C. from very ancient Brahmin works. Churchward thinks Chezy wrong about the source. It is another Naacal work, referring to times thousands of years before the Brahmins. Competent Hindu sages tell him it refers to times more than 20,000 years ago. Tablets in temples corroborate that. The Brahmins may have stolen it.

The Maha Bharata, apparently about 1000 B.C., author unknown. He can find no temple history it was taken from. The basis was probably legendary. It recounts the war of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries B.C. between the Kurus, on the upper Ganges, and the neighboring Panchatas. Kauravas and Pandavas fought for Hastinapur. His condensed headline: the Kauravas, the 100 sons of Dhritarashtra, led by Duryodhana, whom he spells Durgodhana, made war on the Pandavas, the five sons of Pandu, brother of Dhritarashtra, led by Yudhishthira. Written about 500 years after the war, it rests on legendary records, and it has not stayed in its first form. Additions and alterations have been made. Omen’s translation, page 118: Maya was the chief architect of the Danavas. That Maya, prince of the Nagas, later called Danavas, dates back over 20,000 years. Page 133: Arjuna, whom he spells Arjama, carried war against the Nivata-Kavachas, a Danava tribe of 30,000,000, whose principal city was Hiranypura. Those passages are probably additions. Nivata-Kavachas, being Danavas, were Nagas, and being Nagas were Mayas. Hiranypura is Naga-Maya, “the home of those who dwell on the ocean.” One of Mu’s western seaports had the name. Its remains are on the Caroline Islands. The city was lost 12,000 to 13,000 years ago with the Motherland. A northern monastery carries the civilization of India back more than 30,000 years, which agrees with what is written in Yucatan. Like Egypt, there was never a time of savagery in India out of which civilization was developed. India was the pearl on the brow of the Motherland.

The Dzyan, in Sanskrit, about 1500 B.C., looks to him like Brahmin work. It takes the Naacal copies of the Sacred Writings as a base, misreads them, and adds. He calls it the most incomplete and ambiguous ancient work he has met, designed to breed distrust, fear, and superstition, without continuity. Sloka 9: light is a cold flame, a flame is fire, fire produces heat, heat produces life. The Sacred Writings show light as an earthly force, not an element. Flames are superheated elements passing off as gases. Life comes from two forces working on an elementary body. Another paragraph says heat produces water. Heat is a force. Water is two elements. Forces do not produce elements.

The Books of the Golden Age are the Oriental name for the Sacred Inspired Writings, also called the Sacred Mysteries. Only masters, high priests, and some selected priests could read them. Priests mutilated chapters. He quotes Sir Edwin Arnold, in the opening of The Light of Asia: extravagances that disfigure religions are the degradation priesthoods inflict on great ideas, and religions become overlaid by corruptions, inventions, and misconceptions. Had Arnold been able to read the books, the language would have been stronger. The Hindu priesthood were not alone. Egyptian, Phoenician, and Aztec records confirm it. The Hindu aim, in many cases, was mystification, so as to bring the people under control. They would give part of a tablet and call it the whole.

His proofs are set as pairs, the writing against the priestly version. From the section on creation: let us make man after our own fashion and endow him with powers to rule the earth. Created man, and placed within his body a living imperishable part, and man became like the Creator in intellectual powers. Man is a special creation. On the length of life, the priesthood taught “Man may live a thousand years,” and took payment from those who wanted the body prolonged. The full tablet: man may live a thousand years. It is the man, the Divine Spark, that survives, not the material body, which returns to mother earth. Moses, translating, put the right construction. The span of man’s life is threescore and ten. On Rama, Valmiki wrote “And Rama reigned 10,000 years” and left out “the descendants of.” Churchward and the old Rishi deciphered the tablet or an old copy. It says the descendants of Ram Chandra sat on his throne for 10,000 years. The dynasty lasted 10,000 years, not the first reign. On “By his will the Almighty created all things,” the priesthood taught that everything is a part of the Creator, so there is no God when everything is God, and a fetish is our God. The writings say, and repeat, that man only has been made a part of the Creator, and then not the body but the soul. Everything else is a product, as a picture is not a part of the painter. One invention he calls among the rankest: man started from nothing, became a grass, then a fish, an amphibian, a reptile, a mammal, and then man. The sentence they worked it out of is: from mother earth the material body comes, and to mother earth it returns. They do not show how man got a soul. Sects and divergent opinions come from sentences lifted out of paragraphs. Each translation since the Naacals has added more.

The early Buddhist priesthood of northern India, on his account, replaced Gautama’s plain teaching with a metaphysical doctrine not one in a thousand could understand. They invented a succession of earthly Buddhas, Dhyani Buddhas, and Dhyani Bodhisattvas, and then, to add fear, the worship of Siva and a mythical hell. Egypt had taught the lesson with Set. The Hindus were not slow to use it.

Virgin birth starts in the fifth command. From these cosmic eggs life came forth as commanded. A later chapter calls the cosmic eggs the Virgins of Life. The sentence is Hoi Hu Kal. Hoi, closed. Hu, virgin womb. Kal, to open. To pierce the virgin womb of life. The waters were called the Mother of Life because until then the womb had been closed. When the Four were given the names of gods, they were made of immaculate birth to match that teaching. Modern scholars say ancient kings claimed virgin birth because they called themselves Son of the Sun. They claimed nothing of the kind. The title was bestowed by Mu on the emperors of colonial empires.

The first religion was the teaching of the Sacred Books. The basis was love, man’s love for the Heavenly Father and the Father’s love for man. No theology. The most ignorant could understand it. One approached without fear. Love stood at the head of the twelve great virtues, because love governs the universe and the Heavenly Father is the Great Love. If he were asked where God’s greatest temple is, he would say in the heart of man.

Two symbols only stand for the full godhead, and they are his test for a line of colonization. The Sun was the most sacred, the collective symbol, called Ra and sometimes written La. As the celestial orb it had the ordinary name of the country’s language. At first a plain circle. When the circle was also used for the universe and for infinity, the Nagas added a dot and the Uighurs a smaller circle. The adorned serpent is the Creator only. The Nagas chose the cobra de capella and gave it seven heads, for the seven commands. That symbol belongs to the southern half of the western shores of Mu, inland for an unknown distance. North of the Nagas, a conventional Quetzacoatl called Khan or King, the form known as the dragon. On the eastern central and to the north, the venomous feather-covered Quetzacoatl. Western North America has many conventional variants. Follow the two suns and the serpent forms, and the people can be told apart, and their mixing can be seen.

The Aryan invasion, as historians say it, has misled the public into picturing an army. The right word is infiltration. The same mistake has been taught about the Incas and the Aymaras. The first Aryans were a small company from the bleak valleys of the Hindu Koosh, settled among the Nagas in the Saraswatti valley in the Punjab, were received kindly, and sent for their relatives. They kept coming for hundreds of years, by families, scores, and hundreds, each group east of the last, until they had overrun the north. E. G. Tillac says 6000 to 4000 B.C., a span of 2,000 years. V. A. Smith says 1500 B.C. Churchward thinks Smith much nearer. The Medes and Persians began to leave their mountains about 1800 to 1600 B.C. and finished about 1500 B.C. The Hindu Aryans descend from Uighurs marooned near the Hindu Koosh when the mountains rose. The Medes and Persians are the continuation to the north. Thousands of years in those valleys made them hardy and uneducated. They seem to have kept only reading and writing. They were rough mountaineers. As they crowded in through Afghanistan and Kashmir there was no war and no slaughter, but the aborigines, the Nagas, had to move. Many intermarried, and the mixture is now classed as Aryan. For those who did not marry and were crowded out, he has no acceptable record. What follows he labels a deduction, not an assertion.

The ancient Maharatta kingdom once ran from the northern boundary to an unrecorded point south. The next time the Maharattas appear, they are in what is now called central India, capital Gwalior, crowded that far south. Rajputana extended down to Goa. A Sanskrit writing says the Maharattas were driven south by the Aryans. He thinks “driven” should be “crowded out.” They come into prominence again from A.D. 1650 to 1680, when they broke the Mongol power. From the time of Sivaji, whom he spells Savaji, the Mohammedan power declined. They were in India when the Aryans arrived. Their traditions say they were among the first comers. They are not Aryan. They are Nagas. Intermarriage may have changed the blood. The stock is Naga. No date for the first Maharatta kingdom, except that it is back beyond 10,000 years. Legends suggest it was contemporary with the adjoining Ra Ma empire, which apparently succeeded the Naga empire.

At Ootakamund, in the Nilgiri Hills of the Madras Presidency, the Tudas, fewer than 2,000 and disappearing, have the marks of the ancient Nagas. White, handsome, tall, athletic, Roman noses, beautiful teeth, large eyes, no head covering, hair six or seven inches long in a bush of curls. Honest, brave, inoffensive, herdsmen. Their temple is dedicated to Truth. They scorn the Brahmins, probably on account of the past. In the Kashmir valley the Nayas still worship through Naga, the seven-headed serpent. He has never had their history. They may be a pure remnant, or a company that fled the Aryan persecution into the Kashmir mountains.

The Brahmins, after learning what they could, persecuted the Naacals. Robertson says to extinction. That is only partly true. They were driven from the temples and the colleges, not killed off. Many went north into the Himalayas and beyond, and formed their own colleges. Very few descendants remain. Among them, some have kept sciences of the First Civilization, principally the science of man’s Divine Force. The other sciences have been neglected or forgotten.

Patala. Pundit Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda, whom he spells Dayanand Saraswatti and Vive Kananda, say the Nagas came from Patala, and that Patala means the antipodes. He accepts the coming and rejects the meaning. Patala is three Naga vocables. Pa, cover or shine over. Ta, ground, place. La, the Sun, a name both Nagas and Mayas sometimes used instead of Ra. Patala is the Land of the Sun, one of the names of Mu. When the Akkadians and Sumerians built the capital of Babylonia they called it La Ka, the City of the Sun, and by extension the City of the Lord. When Alexander turned back from India he built a port at the head of the Indus delta and called it Patala. The city remains, modernized. It is now called Tatta.

Southern India

The original people of southern India were a black race, the Tamils, also called Dravidians from Dravida, the name they gave the south of the peninsula. Their home was the southwest of the Motherland. They came by the Malay Islands, not through Burma. They must have come slowly, because much of their language is Malayalam. He cannot find even a hint of whether they arrived before or after the Nagas. Tamil, as he describes it, is a composite of Tamil, Telugu (he spells Telague), Kanarese (Canarasse), and Malayalam. Fifty years ago he could read, write, and speak it as fluently as English. Historians, he says, gloss the origin: it is supposed they came from somewhere in Central Asia. There is no native black race in Asia, and no trace of one that he can learn of. The Bering bridge was not available, so the European refuge, “somewhere in central Asia,” was borrowed instead. A. V. Smith, in his history of India, says that someday a competent scholar may write the Dravidian civilization, and that early Indian history cannot be seen truly until the non-Aryan south is treated. Churchward agrees. A history of India without the Tamils is a building without a window. He has gone through many southern temples and found nothing of the very ancient. One record: a company of Tamils took ships, sailed toward the setting sun, and came to a great land where they settled. No date, no later word, no statement that they prospered or even survived. The great land was presumably Africa.

The Great Uighur Empire

The Uighur empire was the largest and most important of Mu’s colonial empires, and next to Mu the largest empire the world has known. The eastern boundary was the Pacific. The western was about where Moscow stands, with outposts through central Europe to the Atlantic. The north is undefined. Probably it reached the Arctic in Asia. The south was Cochin China, Burma, India, and part of Persia. The history of the Uighurs is the history of the Aryan races, because all the true Aryan races descend from Uighur forefathers. They had chains of settlements across central Europe in Tertiary times. After the magnetic cataclysm and the mountain raising destroyed the empire, remnants or their descendants settled Europe again, in the Pleistocene. Slavs, Teutons, Celts, Irish, Bretons, and Basques are all of Uighur stock. The Bretons, the Basques, and the genuine Irish descend from those who came in the Tertiary and survived the cataclysm and the mountains.

At the empire’s peak the mountains had not been raised, and the Gobi was a rich, well-watered plain. The capital stood almost due south of Lake Baikal. In 1896 a party, on information from Tibet, visited Khara Khota, having been told the Uighur capital lay under it. They dug through the ruins and through fifty feet of boulders, gravel, and sand, reached the city, unearthed relics, and stopped when the money ran out. They told the Russian archaeologist Kosloff, who continued the work. Kosloff’s report is in the earlier book. Churchward does not repeat it.

Oriental legends say the whole of Central Asia, including the site of the Himalayas, was once flat, fertile, forested, with lakes, rivers, roads, cities, temples, and palaces. Dried riverbeds, canals, and lakes can still be seen in those parts of the Gobi the wave did not strip to bare rock. Several areas were stripped. Legendary dates conflict. He does not need them. A Naacal writing in a Tibetan monastery: the Naacals, 70,000 years ago, brought to the Uighur capital cities copies of the Sacred Inspired Writings. Legendary history puts the first settlement on the coast of today’s Yellow Sea, then inland, the first exodus to a flat well-watered plain, the Gobi. After that, records run through Central Asia to the Caspian, and through central Europe to the Atlantic. They had many large cities. Those are washed away or buried under the sand. Chinese records dated 500 B.C. describe the Uighurs as light-haired and blue-eyed. He adds: all of a light complexion, milk-white skins, eyes and hair varying. In the north, blue eyes and light hair. In the south, dark hair and dark eyes.

An ancient monastery record: the capital and all its people were destroyed by a flood that covered the eastern part of the empire. Geology agrees. From the roofs of the capital up to the foundations of Khara Khota, the stratum is boulders, gravel, and sand. This was the north-running wave of the last Magnetic Cataclysm, the Biblical Flood. In the 1880s he was with a geological party from a point south of Lake Baikal to the mouth of the Lena and the islands beyond. A huge wave of water, without ice, had passed from south to north some thousands of years before. No trace of it beyond 110 degrees east of Greenwich, and the evidence continued to the limit of their travel east. Not a single ice marking in the Siberia they covered could be tied to this wave. The Lena valley was the main course. Off the mouth of the Lena, Llakoff’s Island is bones and tusks of mammoths and other forest animals swept from the Mongolian and Siberian plains. The bodies were not mashed, so no ice rode the wave, and the island could form. Geology places a glacial period in the northern hemisphere at this time. The records say the eastern half of the empire, the capital included, was wiped out, and the west and southwest were left untouched.

Sometime after the flood, he has no record of how long, the mountains rose. Earthquakes tore the land, and volcanoes added lava. How many of the Uighurs who had survived the flood also survived the mountains cannot be estimated, but very few. That has been the case wherever mountains have been raised. The history of a few remnants is in another chapter. The ranges changed the Gobi’s watersheds. Broken rock underneath drained the surface and made underground rivers. The plain became sand and rock. He thinks water can still be found within a few feet of the surface in the sandy areas. They found it from seven to ten feet down.

The Book of Manu says the Uighurs had a settlement on the northern and eastern shores of the Caspian. That is probably the migration Max Muller placed in the Pleistocene, the second entry into Europe. The early settlers of eastern Europe, as scientists call them, were remnants who found a way out of the mountains. Max Muller wrote that the first Caucasians were a small company from the mountains of Central Asia, and that they reached the Caucasian plains in the Pleistocene, after the mountains. The Uighurs were in Europe before the raising. Many Central Asiatic tribes still count time from it. Symbolical pictures Kosloff photographed at Khara Khota, with decipherings, are in the earlier book.

Tibet was part of the Uighur empire before the mountains, flat and fertile. It is now one of the highest plateaus, with ranges running mostly west to east, the Himalayas on the south, and Everest inside its boundaries. He calls it the roof of the world, and India’s twin, or rival, in mystery. Monasteries in the least accessible valleys are unknown except to a few herdsmen. Some monks in some Himalayan and Tibetan houses claim descent from the Naacals whom the Brahmins drove out of India about 3,000 years ago. They appear to have kept the original religion and some of the cosmic sciences. He stresses “some.” Out of hundreds of monasteries, those that have done so can be counted on the fingers of one hand. He knows of only three. Most follow a form of Buddhism.

Some years ago Schliemann found, in the old Buddhist temple at Lhasa, a writing on the destruction of Mu, a translation of an old tablet in Pali and Tibetan mixed. The original’s whereabouts are unknown. It is probably on a floor among hundreds, under dust. On a headwater of the Brahmaputra, in one monastery, what is said to be a complete Naacal library is preserved, many thousands of tablets, said to have belonged to the Uighur capital. The Rishi, who had visited the place in his younger days, told the legend. When the flood destroyed the capital, it drowned the people and buried a great library the Naacals had brought from the Motherland. Years afterward the Naacals of the west, whom the flood did not reach, dug the tablets out and carried them to a temple in the west. The mountains destroyed that temple and buried them again. Many years later the descendants dug them out and brought them to the temple where they now are. The monastery and the tablets are known to Oriental scholars. To his knowledge, three Englishmen and two Russians have been there. He asked if it was the only complete library. The Rishi thought not. A legend says that when the Rishi city Ayhodia was sacked and burned, the Naacal library was in the secret archives and was never found. If the tradition is right, it is still under the temple. Churchward withholds names of places, routes, and passes in Tibet, Kashmir, and northern India that might matter politically. He says the reason given him is valid, and he complies.

China, as a Chinese civilization, dates back only about 5,000 years. It was not developed by the Chinese. It was inherited from the fathers. The Chinaman is not simply a Mongol. He is half Mongol. The forefathers were white Uighurs. During the empire, Uighur men married the best of the yellow people whose country lay south of the empire, and the children of those marriages formed the first Chinese empire. The record reads “the best of the yellow savages.” He calls that a mistranslation. Savagery was unknown then. What was meant was the yellow inferior race. Traditions say the yellow Mongols were much inferior. Many Chinese today, especially of the high class, have quite white skins, the Uighur blood. The coolie, the lower class, has none, and descends from the ancient yellow Mongols. The Uighur parents educated the children to the Uighur standard, so the empire, at its start, was Uighur civilization in the hands of people who had Uighur blood. Writings in the Tao temples confirm it. Another tradition: the Chinese did not always live in Asia. They came from a far-off country toward the rising sun. He has looked for a collected legendary history and has not found it.

From E. H. Parker, China, page 17, he copies the early dynasties. The Five Monarchs, nine rulers, 2852 to 2206 B.C. The Hia, eighteen, 2205 to 1767. The Shang, twenty-eight, 1766 to 1122. A Chow of ten, 1121 to 828. A Chow of twenty-five, 827 to 255. He works the averages: about 71 and a half years for each of the Five Monarchs, 24 for the Hia, 23 for the Shang, 29 and a fraction for the first Chow, 22 and a fraction for the second. Parker calls the Five Monarchs mythical, the Hia legendary and largely mythical, the Shang chiefly legendary, the ten Chow semi-historical, and the twenty-five historical. Churchward reads Parker as a man who believes only what he sees. A garbled legend is still a legend. Ninety times out of a hundred, a myth he has traced comes out of a tradition. There is no smoke without a fire. Behind the traditions, the Tao temples hold written records. Parker gives a good history from about 200 B.C. to the present, the rise and fall of the Mongol tribes. He is wrong about the Japanese, and being wrong there, his other assertions are left open. The Gobi ruins, apparently, mean nothing to him.

Seven or eight thousand years after the Uighur empire fell, innumerable little nations appeared in eastern Asia, apparently Mongoloid. The most prominent was a Tartar race, Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan the principal figures. Kublai Khan lived A.D. 1277. Confucius lived from 551 B.C. to 480, about 300 years after Chinese history began to be recorded in China. The emperor Che Hwang-te, 214 B.C., ordered all books on ancient China burnt. A vast amount was burnt, including some works of Confucius and Mencius. He built the great wall to keep the Heung-noo Tartars from raiding the north. He did not get every book. Many were hidden in the Tao temples and are not shown to anyone outside the priesthood. That closes the eastern half of the empire, and the coffin lid, as he puts it. Western Asia is the next chapter.

The map on page 214 is a sketch, using present land to show an empire of 20,000 years ago, before the Flood, before the geological glacial period as he calls it mythical, and before the mountains. Since then, lands have sunk and lands have risen. A line across the center of Asia and Europe is about the center of the empire. Uighur remains have been found in the Balkans. The last western outposts were Ireland, Brittany, and the Basque country. How far north the empire ran is unknown. Ancient Uighur cities have been found far into Siberia. Shaded boundaries on the map are questionable. The two firm boundaries are the Pacific on the east and the Naga empire on the south. Whether the Uighurs crossed Europe or only planted outposts is unsolved. Their descendants are on the Atlantic coast, and no one, he says, has tried to tell the origins. An old Oriental document describes the empire as something like petty kingdoms or states, each with its ruler, one empire under one emperor, and that emperor under Mu. He finds it not hard to picture an enlarged United States. Mu herself was the United States of the world.

Babylonia

Babylonia’s history is the histories of the Akkadians, the Sumerians, the Chaldeans, the Assyrians, the Medes, and the Persians. Only one of them still exists as a distinctive people. What scientists have recorded of the old Oriental empires is a few cuneiform tablets matched to Biblical legends, and the furthest any of that goes back is less than 5,000 years. The commencement is 18,000 years ago or more, a settlement on the Euphrates by Naga-Mayas from India. In after times they met the end of the eastern line from Mu. The people they met were Semitics.

The first Akkadians came through the Persian Gulf and settled at the mouth of the Euphrates. They called the place Akkad, a Naga-Maya word for soft and marshy ground, which the delta still is. They took the name of the place. Indian temple records speak of the settlement and give no date. Contemporary records have dates of about 18,000 years, so he thinks it permissible to assume the settlement was made then. Once it was firm, they worked up the river and became the Sumerians. Sumer is Naga-Maya for flat lands or plains. They were the same people. One set lived inland, one on the shore. Historians who make them two peoples are wrong. Valmiki, writing in 1300 B.C., says these colonists of the Euphrates settlement called it Babylonia and their chief city Babylon. Babylon was also Ka Ra, Naga-Maya for the city of the Sun. The Naacals left India for Babylonia to teach the religion and the sciences of the Motherland. The Akkadians and Sumerians were far ahead of a Semitic people living to the north. Tall reeds around Akkad and along the river hid vicious animals. The settlers built stockades, called Chaldi. Colleges and temples stood inside an enclosure also called Chaldi. Later, Chaldi was the learned class and the colleges, the Chaldi temples of learning, open to anyone, of any nation. Israelites in the later captivity used them. Some reached the degree of master. Daniel was one. The handwriting on the wall was written in Naga-Maya. Daniel read it to the king. At the court of Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldi were classed with the astrologers and the magicians.

The Chaldeans, as a people, are the Semitics who came down from the north, conquered the Sumerians and Akkadians, and adopted the name after they settled. He can find no record of their name before that. Finding the southern civilization so far ahead, they did not kill or enslave. They assimilated, intermarried, and gave the scientists the greatest honors. The Akkadians and Sumerians disappeared from history as separate peoples. He quotes a history sentence, that an earlier civilization was conquered by the Chaldeans and disappeared, and calls it erroneous. The Chaldeans were not a nation. They were a sect, men of learning.

Herodotus, book 1, 181, reporting Berosus: the first inhabitants were foreigners of another race. Berosus distinguishes foreigners from Babylonians, and Babylonians from Assyrians, and says civilization was brought to Mesopotamia by Oannes, whom Churchward spells Cannes, and six other beings, half man and half fish, who came up the river from the Persian Gulf. Cannes, or Hoa-ana, is Naga-Maya. Na, water. A, thy. Na, house. He who lives in a boat. Berosus was using the language because he was a Chaldi. The chain Churchward wants: boats up the Euphrates from the gulf, and Valmiki plus the temple records bringing those men from India. An old Greek manuscript, loaned by a professor in Athens, tells the first meeting as a joke. A few Semitic soldiers in armor, prospecting along the bank, met a boat with seven Akkadians. The Akkadians jumped overboard, swam a long way under water, looked back, dived again, and were out of sight. The soldiers reported a new creation, half fish and half man. The professor passed his translation as good enough.

A history that starts Babylonian civilization at 7000 B.C. is absurd. Hindu temple records speak of the colony over 15,000 years ago. Brunsen shows it in existence 14,000 years ago. Babylonia is older than Egypt, and Egypt is 16,000 years old. The 7000 B.C. figure may be the date of the Semitic conquest, misread as a beginning. For thousands of years the Sumerians and Akkadians were the literate people. They followed the arts and sciences, wrote many books, and invented cuneiform. Their conquerors largely adopted the Maya language, which began to fall into disuse about the thirteenth century B.C. It remained the language of science until about the sixth or seventh century B.C. When the country was settled, the Semitics took the name Chaldi from the colleges. There never was a people called Chaldeans. Chaldi was a sect.

He prints a word list to prove the point, Akkadian and Chaldean beside Hindu Naga-Maya, from the tablets of King Asurbanipal’s library as deciphered by Dr. Hinks, Sir Henry Rawlinson, Dr. Appert, M. Grivel, and Professor Sayce, with an elementary grammar by M. Lenormant. A sample of the pairs: Abba and Ba, father. Bala and Pal, companion. A and Ha, water. Ge and Ke, below. Kas and Ca, two. San and Can, four. Ma and Ma, the earth. Nana and Naa, mother. Sar and Zac, white. Xa and Cay, fish. Idu and U, the Moon. The list is longer than this. The claim is the match.

The early Babylonian empire, in the histories, was formed by Semitics from the north whose origin is mysterious. He says there is no mystery. They left Mu, settled in Yucatan, and called their city Zahia. The remains are a few miles from Uxmal. A company went east and settled the Caucasian plains and the foot of the Caspian, the hinterland of Asia Minor, where Ararat rises 15,000 or 16,000 feet (4876 meters) above the plain. The Egyptians called that country Zahia, after the Yucatan name. As they grew they extended south. The Semitics who overpowered Akkad and Sumer came from those Caucasian settlements. The early empire was not Semitic alone. The Akkadians and Sumerians had been absorbed into it.

The Assyrians were Semitic too, from the same Zahian colony, named for the land they occupied, between the upper Tigris and the Zagros. At first a vassal of Babylonia, they threw off the yoke, conquered neighbors, and gained the ascendancy. Proud Assyria fell to the Medes in 625 B.C. The Babylonians had kept their independence down to the ninth century B.C.

The Medes and Persians are remnants of Uighurs marooned in the mountains raised along the southwest of the Uighur empire. They come forward 8,000 or 10,000 years after the destruction. The bleak valleys could no longer feed them. The exodus ran from about 2000 B.C. down to about 1500 B.C. Four streams left by the available passes. Those near the Hindu Koosh went to India, one set by Afghanistan and the Khyber, the other through Kashmir into the Punjab. He dates the start of that migration about 2000 to 1800 B.C. and the end about 1500, which is a little earlier than the 1500 B.C. start he preferred from V. A. Smith in the India chapter. I leave both of his sentences. Their neighbors to the north came down to the country between the desert of Iran and the northeast shore of the Persian Gulf, and became the Persians. A third stream settled the tableland south of the Caspian and east of Armenia and the Zagros. That was Media. They found Scythians, drove them out, and were known as the Medes. Both peoples are Aryans, out of the Ah ra ya tribes of the Motherland, as he prints the name, through the Uighurs. Race, language, and religion were closely allied because they had been the same people. About 600 B.C. the Medes were a powerful mountain empire, and early Persia was subject to them. Cyrus, founder of the Persian empire, defeated and dethroned Astyages of Media in 558 B.C. Media then passed under Persia. The Medes and Persians were the last to hold Babylonia as an empire. Their arrival was the end of the Semitics who had been masters for thousands of years. Babylon was taken into the Persian empire in 538 B.C. The Persian empire ended in 331 B.C., after 227 years, a jamboree of conquest aimed at the whole world. They had absorbed the west and southwest of Asia, Egypt, and a small part of Europe, and were stopped by the Greeks under Alexander. He counts this the second time the Greeks stopped an empire that tried to enslave the world. The first was Atlantis, 9500 B.C. The second was Persia, 331 B.C. The Persian flag still carries the emblem of a colonial empire, an emerging sun on the horizon with rays, and so connects Persia with the Uighurs and with Mu.

Babylonia is where ends meet. Akkadians and Sumerians are an end of one western line. Medes and Persians are an end of another. The Semitics are an end of the main eastern line. A complete girdle of man around the earth closes here. Egypt had only two such ends, and western Europe two. He is not writing a history of the Oriental empires. He is trying to show that everyone who controlled Babylonia came from Mu.

Miscellaneous

The miscellaneous chapter is five short colonial notes: Oaxaca, Japan, Ceylon, East Africa, and New Zealand.

At Monte Alban, near Oxaca, as he spells it, Dr. Alphonso Caso lately took two ancient gold masks from a tomb. Monte Alban is not far from the pyramid Xochicalca. The symbols on both masks refer to the submergence of Mu. On the smaller one he reads three bars, Mu’s numeral; an eye closed by a force; the eye in sleep, which is death; the nose closed, strangled; the letter M; the primary forces working downward; and a rolling-in, a submerging. The head is Mu. Her eyes are closed. She no longer sees. The forces stop her breath, and M covers her mouth. The lower mask says the same thing in more flowery language. He does not give it, for lack of space. A great pyramid nearby, which he has previously shown to be a monument to Mu, and ancient temples nearby, suggest that priests wore the masks at commemorative ceremonies. The masks are not very old, probably of the earlier life of the pyramid, some time after Mu sank, and they are not modern. They long antedate the Aztecs. The illustration list prints a carving of a Semetic head, his spelling, facing page 239. The place name on the plate is not clean enough in this scan for me to add it.

Japan. Traditions say some Malay islands were peopled from Mu by a branch of the Quiche Mayas. After they were established, for a cause untold, they left in a body and settled islands farther north. They are the forefathers of the Japanese. The Japanese accept the traditions. Their own differ in detail and agree on the material points. They arrived highly civilized, with the culture of the First Civilization, and kept it down to within the memory of living man. Then they adopted the new civilization. The change of the past 50 or 60 years is their own. A hundred years ago, Japan would have been a reflection of Mu 15,000 years ago. The flag is the Sun, brought down from the Empire of the Sun. Religious conceptions, symbols, and customs connect them with the First Civilization. The popular belief that they are Mongols is wrong. They are as distinct from a Mongol as a white man from a black. They descend from the Quiche Mayas, one of the white tribes. The language today is fully 40 percent Quiche-Maya words.

Ceylon, close to Cape Comorin, he calls the pearl on the brow of India. The present Sinhalese, whom he spells Cingalese, are newcomers. Their records show the first capital, Anarajapura, built between 250 and 200 B.C. He can find no definite record of where they came from, except that they came by boat. The language is the Italian of the Orient, soft, musical, most words beginning and ending with a vowel, and it has more words of the mother tongue than any other language he has learned. They are from white stock, and they are not Aryans. A black race, the Tamils, lies between them and the Hindu Aryans. He has not found their language, or anything like it, in the Orient, the Malays, or the South Sea islands. The language was fully developed, and they were highly civilized, when they arrived only a couple of thousand years ago. If the land was empty, why did the Tamils, across a narrow strait, not take it? He does not doubt that the Sinhalese are a branch of Naga Mayas, because the names of towns and rivers are pure Naga-Maya. They built Anarajapura in the north. Tamils from southern India sacked it and carried off the fairest women. The raids became unbearable. They moved inland, were found again, and at last went into the mountains and built Candee, now Kandy, where the Tamils could not reach them. They held the mountains until the English occupation. They have always been strict Buddhists, with no schisms, and Kandy is the center of Buddhism today. The temple there is plain and unique.

East Africa is a sealed book. If hunters and explorers are telling the truth, it is a rich field. In India he found references to companies of Naga Mayas going to the Red Sea and farther south, and no details. It is inconceivable to him that, once they struck the African coast from India, they would not have worked south as well as north. One traveler’s account: near Kilwa, on the east coast, about 400 miles (643 kilometers) south of Zanzibar by the traveler’s reckoning, a cliff newly cut by the waves has Persian tombs on top, known to be 700 years old by the dates still legible. Under them, a layer of debris of a city, then an older city, then a third of vast and unknown antiquity, and under the bottom city a glazed earthenware of the kind still met on that coast. His own map puts Kilwa 200 miles (321 kilometers) south of Zanzibar, not 400, and he leaves the traveler and the map to settle it. He has three such descriptions. None describes the filling between the cities, which is the point that would date them and name the cause. He has records of Phoenicians trading the east coast, so the coast had a population. Three cities, one over another, in America, Asia, and Africa, raise the question whether the three civilizations were contemporary, and whether the earth went through three convulsions that each time destroyed most of mankind. He says plainly that all of this rests on travelers’ tales, and that he is not responsible for their truth.

New Zealand. Authorities do not agree on the Maori. His conclusion is that New Zealand was one of Mu’s small distant colonies, a separate line, about a thousand miles south of the southwest corner of the Motherland. The distance was not too great for ships that passed from the eastern to the western oceans and from the southern to the northern seas. The settlers were probably few, and of an enterprising type. Being few, they would till the soil rather than pursue the arts, and would draw manufactures from the mother country. When Mu sank, they were not artisans. They fell back on primitive methods. The land was large enough, and rich enough, that they did not fall as low as the remnants on the Pacific rocks. They belong to the Polynesian white race. O’Brien says the classic language of Polynesia today is Maori, and that the Maori came from the Polynesian islands, and before that from Asia. Churchward thinks him wrong on both. The Maori have traditions of the dim past that are not found on any Pacific island, and sacred symbols that originated in Mu and are not found among the Polynesian islands. The inference is a direct voyage. From Captain Cook’s log of the first voyage, A.D. 1770: they were not always in New Zealand. Ages ago they came from Heawice. Churchward cannot trace Heawice to any South Sea island or to the Malays. It may be the name of the part of Mu they left. They acknowledge one Supreme Being and several subordinate deities, which he thinks may have been symbols of attributes Cook would not have understood. They are eaters of human flesh, the flesh of enemies killed in battle. They have weathered the loss. Within living memory they were in a savage state. Children of those people are educated, in the professions, and in the government. England is proud to reckon them in her family. The leap is not evolution. Development happened in the Motherland eons ago. What looks like a rise is an awakening, brains freed after thousands of years. A savage left alone does not advance. He falls. He rises only when civilization teaches him. The marks that connect the Maori with Mu are language, traditions, sacred symbols, religion, and totem pillars. Among the traditions is the story of Cain and Abel.

Intimate Hours with the Rishi

Readers of the earlier book asked for more about the old priest. This chapter is what he is willing to tell. The Rishi took a fancy to him when he was a young man, and taught him to read ancient writings. It was a hobby for both. The parting words: go forth and learn what nature has written. Nature does not theorize and does not lie. Every rock has a true tale on its face. Every blade and leaf has a whisper. What he had been taught was only the alphabet, the gateway. He had thought he had learned so much. He wrote down, at the time, the incidents he was afraid of forgetting. For seven years he was the only pupil of the greatest Rishi of the past two thousand years, a man the world has not known.

Man’s Divine Force is the special gift of the seventh command, given so that man could rule the earth. Part of it is an intellectual power, a copy of the Creator, for governing elementary matter and, as far as man is concerned, earthly forces. Man can govern those forces only when he can control the force inside himself. What follows, Churchward says, is not a lecture of his own. It is a translation of records written over 70,000 years ago, a science beyond present science, and written so that a high-school pupil can follow it. The ancients needed no technical smoke screen. All forces are vibratory. A higher vibration nullifies, repels, or dominates a lower one. Earthly forces make waves in the atmosphere, some in the essence, the unanalyzable part, which our scientists call ether, and some in the analyzable part. The length and speed of the waves depend on the initial vibration. Man’s Divine Force forms its waves in the essence. He can produce a higher vibration than any earthly force, and so can nullify or repel it. The examples are the Rishi doing it.

Gravity, which the ancients called the Cold Magnetic Force, was overcome as a practiced science 100,000 years ago. Churchward had read of savages in Africa and in the Pacific floating in the air, and asked if it could be fact. The answer: yes. Man can raise his vibration above the earth’s cold magnetic force. That force is what draws him to the ground. Matter in itself has no weight. Weight measures the pull. Without the pull there is no weight, and the pull is confined to the body or the sphere, so that in space the largest star has no weight. Jesus gave the practical example when he walked on the water. It was a science known 100,000 years ago. The cosmic forces must all be regained before the world can end, because without them man cannot be perfect, and it is destined that man shall be perfect before the end.

Where Jesus spent the years absent from history: several temples in India and Tibet have records, and there are Oriental legends. Not one of them calls him Christ. He is Jesus, or the Oriental equivalent. A record in the Hemis monastery at Leh, in Kashmir, written in Pali, is a copy, not many hundreds of years old. It says that when Jesus left his home country he went first to Egypt and for two years studied the Osirian religion. From Egypt he went to India and in many cities, including Benares and Lahore, studied Gautama. He then entered a Himalayan monastery and for twelve years studied the Sacred Inspired Writings and the cosmic sciences. At the end of twelve years he became a master. Another monastery says he became the most proficient master who has ever been on earth. His name is more revered there than by any Christian priesthood, because the monks knew him better. A legend, oral for a long time and then written down about 1,800 or 1,900 years ago so that it would not be altered: when he was about to leave, he and the masters disputed reincarnation. Jesus said the writings teach that it is not the material body that returns, built again out of the same atoms, but the soul only. The masters said both soul and body return, and that the identical atoms are used again. Churchward was allowed to see the tablets. They read: the material body returns to mother earth, and the elements are then used to form other bodies. The masters took “other bodies” to mean the man’s later bodies. He asks whether the phrase means that, or soulless bodies of nature’s making. Further tablets: it is the man, the spirit, which comes into being again. Imperishable man is a Divine Spark, housed in elements. Cells are formed and joined by the ziis of the Life Force. A zii is an electron divided into four, the last division of the Life Force. After the usual period the house wears out and returns to mother earth, and the spark is free. At the appointed time, which the Creator determines, a new house is built. This continues until the spark is called back to the Divine Source. The tablets are in the section on reincarnation, easy to decipher and hard to translate. He claims a correct general meaning, not every minute detail. Osiris and Jesus teach alike, often in the same words, because both taught the first religion. Both were selected instruments of the Heavenly Father, the Great Nameless.

Moses and the serpents, before Pharaoh, are not a miracle and not a literal swallowing. Both Moses and the priests were practicing the cosmic sciences. He will call it mass hypnotism. Moses could raise his vibration higher, because he was the more proficient master. Under his control, the priests, Pharaoh, and the people saw what Moses formed in his mind: his serpent swallowing theirs. A mirage of the brain. The Rishi demonstrated. Two coolies sweeping the compound stooped for fallen branches, screamed that they were venomous snakes, and beat the sticks to pieces with bamboo poles. When the Rishi dropped his vibration, the men saw broken branches, and he asked what they had been drinking. Arak. Two drinks. They promised never to take more than one.

A professor from an English university, letters of introduction in hand, monocle adjusted, came to write a book on ancient India and to be given what the temple records state. On each point he told the Rishi the records were wrong, because Dr. A. or Professor B. had said otherwise. After more than a dozen questions he called the visit a waste, and said any library would yield ten times as much in two hours. The Rishi took Churchward’s hand. The professor’s cane became a snake. He would not let a coolie bring it near him. The Rishi set a hand on his head. The pain dropped him into a chair. A coconut shell of water, and then the control was released. The professor credited the potion, not the history, and left. Two years later the history appeared. Churchward uses “vibrations” because that is the equivalent of the word in the Sacred Writings. A thought is a movement of the brain, and a movement is a force. Brain forces are cosmic. They start from a point. Some stay in the earth’s atmosphere. The Sacred Four travel the universe. They move as waves in the essence. In air, wave and force weaken as the air thins. A vibration in the essence goes around the earth as fast as light, or faster. A brain keyed to the same vibration understands the thought. That is cosmic telegraphy. He and the Rishi never needed to send a note. If the Rishi wanted him, he felt it and went, and found the Rishi waiting. The Rishi called it the kindergarten lesson, the letter A. A financier told him that such a power would make millions a week in Wall Street. It would not. Once money enters, materialism has the ascendant and the spiritual cannot act. He quotes the sentence that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to attain heaven. The care of wealth leaves no time to prepare for the return to the Great Source. The man has to be born again.

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the furnace are not a miracle. They were masters. Heat is an earthly force. Raise the inner vibration above it, and a neutral zone stands between the man and the fire. His clothing partakes of his vibration, as Churchward partook of the Rishi’s when he held the hand, so the clothing is not touched either. Masters differ in proficiency. The three Israelites were captives in Babylonia, where the Chaldi colleges, founded about 18,000 years ago by Naacals who came from India for that purpose, taught the language of the Motherland, the Sacred Writings, and the cosmic forces, free of all expense. Slave and prince were equal once they crossed the threshold. The Semitics who later took the country formed a joint kingdom and called it Chaldea from those colleges. The Rishi’s demonstration: a live coal in an open pot, Churchward’s hand in his, the coal set in the middle of the palm, no heat felt, a cigar that would not light. The coal was dropped. Churchward picked it up and blistered his fingers. The Rishi put it back with his own fingers, and the cigar then lit. Churchward says the conviction remains.

Concentration: lie down, relax every muscle, cover or close the eyes, eat neither too much nor too little, avoid sound. The material body should be normal. Command of the brain then passes to the spiritual. Concentration is hard at first and grows easier.

On seeing the dead: it is not imagination and not a mirage. Some people receive visitors from the world beyond. Not everyone has the faculty. It depends on the plane of the inner vibrations, and some people are never visited. A camera, in his experience, will register what the eye does not. It happened to him three times. Photographers could not explain the plates. The clearest showed a young woman in the crotch of a tree. Her mother recognized her, ten years dead, and said the crotch had been a favorite seat. Visitors may be a master, who can lower his vibration to yours, or, more often, a near relative or friend whose inner vibrations were on the same plane in life. Love is the ruler, here and hereafter, the image of the Heavenly Father and his reflection in man. Where the visitors go when they cease to come, the Rishi would not say. Other worlds, reincarnation, or the Great Source. It is a closed book. More commonly one feels a presence without seeing it, because the vibrations are close enough to reach the brain and not close enough for vision, or because the visitor does not wish to be seen. He had concluded that those who hide are great masters using a person as an instrument. Artists, sculptors, and especially writers: the unseen keys the brain, and the writer can write nothing else while the vibration holds. His own reasoning, if he forces it, comes out as nonsense. The ancients called that inspired writing, from the world beyond through a selected agent.

Separating the inner man from the body, traveling, and bringing information back is easy for someone who has mastered the sciences, and extremely dangerous otherwise, because the inner man may fail to find the body, and the body then follows nature back to mother earth. It takes a lifetime. The Rishi refused to teach it. The time together would not be a tenth of what was needed. He did, at unexpected times, demonstrate it.

On the evening before Churchward left India, the Rishi asked if he would take a long journey that night. At nine he was led to the sanctum, dim, with incense. They were not to be disturbed until the morning call. “We are going back to look at ourselves during our last incarnation.” It was the first time the Rishi had said they had been on earth together. Hand in hand, eyes closed, consciousness seemed to leave. They floated over a flat land of many cities, came down in a particularly large one, and walked the streets. Days, weeks, and years seemed to pass. He saw himself a soldier, fallen from a spear wound. The Rishi, who was his father, received him from the bearers, cried that his only son had fallen, and the soul passed on. A volume would not hold what he saw. He woke, and in a short time was himself. He will not say whether the inner man had left the body, or whether the whole journey was a mesmeric vision. He leaves that to the reader. It was one of the last interviews. He has often wondered, since, whether the Rishi loved him more than he loved the Rishi. He hardly thinks it possible.