Poseidon

Poseidon's settling of children by a mortal woman he reads as the Carthaginian colonising of the islands in Hanno's narrative and of the mainland beyond the mountains of Atlas.

Poseidon and Atlas.

Brown, Poseidon: a Link between Semite, Hamite, and Aryan (Longmans, 1872), who traces the worship from Chaldaea through Phoenicia, Philistia, Libya, and Greece, and identifies Poseidon with Noah in Libyan mythology.

In the Carthaginian reading, Poseidon son of Kronos is the tutelary god of Carthage, Lenormant's "Libyan Poseidon" (p.

Poseidon he will not leave as a god of an Atlantic island.

Poseidon encloses the hill with alternate zones, two of land and three of water, turned as with a lathe.

He has collated Noah, in Tradition and elsewhere, with Chronos, Poseidon, Saturn, and Hoa.

Kronos and Poseidon are not sent in the same way, because Donnelly needs them at the start of Atlantis.

If Chronos and Saturn are the same, Chronos cannot both be the father of Poseidon, founder of the dynasty, and the survivor who brings civilisation to Latium after many generations.

Lenormant's Ilu is the god the Greeks likened to Kronos, and one ideographic name is a land cut by canals, explained as cleansing or inundating, "the god of inundation, the god of the deluge." Poseidon in Atlantis encircles a hill with zones of sea and land and cuts canals.

Poseidon and the horse belong together in any legend that starts from Poseidon, and he leaves Brown and Gladstone to worry at that connection.

Poseidon, son of Kronos, is the tutelary god of the Carthaginians.

249, and Lenormant's "Libyan Poseidon." Poseidon begetting children by a mortal woman and settling them he reads as the Carthaginian colonising of those islands and of the mainland beyond Atlas.

Plato's plain, the fairest of all and very fertile, is the plain in which Poseidon settled his children.

The warm and cold springs under the central island, and the food springing abundantly, he says Plato has moved a little earlier than Hanno's order, so as to give Poseidon at Atlantis the same feat as at Athens, where in the reign of Cecrops he called forth a well on the Acropolis with his trident.

Hanno then goes west, to a place thick with trees, and erects a temple to Neptune, then east to a lake not far from the sea.

Poseidon begets five pairs of sons and divides the island into ten portions.

What is central in Hanno, the headquarters, becomes the palace of Poseidon.

Plato's lofty coast, the level plain, the mountains and fragrant woods, and then the bull sacrificed to Poseidon, the fire, the azure robes, and the judgment by night near the embers.

Setting aside local and historical origins, and using about 319 festivals in Bishop Potter's chapter on Grecian festivals in the Archaeologia Graeca, he concludes that the more ancient were held for Jupiter, Apollo, Minerva, Bacchus or Dionysus, Neptune or Poseidon, Ceres, and Diana.

Another harvest feast had a procession for Neptune.

There was a feast when the new wine was tasted, the Protrugeia for Neptune and Bacchus, and at Athens a festival called elenophoria, with vessels of rushes and ears of willow.

The laws and customs, which he had skipped in Chapter II, "regulated by the injunctions of Poseidon as the law had handed them down" and "inscribed by the first men on a column of orichalcum," he now matches to the Amphictyonic council and the Areopagus.

The Ionian federation met at a sacred place on Mount Mycale, where they had dedicated a temple to Neptune.

In Plato the ten are left alone in the temple of Poseidon, hunt the bulls with staves and nooses, not with weapons, lead the bull to the column, strike it on the head, and slay it over the sacred inscription.

A personage one degree less mythical is Cenchreus or Cychreus, king of Salamis, who delivered the island from a dragon, son of Salamis by Poseidon, the mother named Asopis.

Westward, at Solocis, a wooded promontory of Libya, they erected a temple to Neptune.

The elephants, the temple of Neptune, the plain, the night fires, and the Chariot of the Gods are the matches he thinks decisive.

Poseidon receives Atlantis, begets children by a mortal woman, and settles them.

Poseidon encloses the hill with alternate zones, two of land and three of water.

A temple of Cleito and Poseidon, inaccessible, in an enclosure of gold, where the ten princes were begotten, and where the fruits of the ten portions were brought yearly.

Poseidon's own temple a stadium long and half a stadium wide, silvered outside except the pinnacles, which were gold, the roof ivory, the interior orichalcum.

A grove of Poseidon, a racecourse a stadium wide running round the island, guard-houses, and docks full of triremes.

The relations of the governments are the injunctions of Poseidon, inscribed by the first men on a column of orichalcum in the middle of the island, at the temple.

It is his reason for the bull in the Mandan dance, in the Amphictyonic sacrifice, and in Plato's temple of Poseidon.

And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis, begat children by a mortal woman.

Now, as to Poseidon, I recommend Mr.

Donnelly to a short but able treatise — Poseidon : a Link between Semite, Hamite, and Aryan.

Noah, as handed down in Libyan mythology, following in this the lines of tradition.* And looking to the diffusion of this worship ofPoseidon in Africa, including Egypt, Carthage, Ethiopia, Mauri-tania, and throughout the Phoenician colonisation, we seem to understand Plato's statement that Atlantis once "had an extent greater than Libya and Asia." "For many centuries," says Lenormant, " the Pelasgi of the Archipelago, Greece, and Italy, the Philistines of Crete, the Sicilians, the Sardinians, the Libyans, the Maxyans of Africa, in spite of the distance of sea separating them, united in a close confederation, maintaining a constant intercourse, and thus explaining the Libyan element, hitherto inexplicable, in the most ancient religious traditions of Greece, the worship of the Athenian Tritonis and of the Libyan Poseidon." Atlantis takes its name from Atlas—" the king." We hear of Atlas first in Hesiod, as son of Japetus ; his brother was Mencetius ("Mnesius," Plato; "Menu," Lenormant), and, according to ApoUodorus, his mother's name was Asia.

: "I read the two names—the cuneiform writing cannot be transfeiTed to your columua—doubtfully as Sisi-ron add Naha (Noah) That the god in question represents the Greek Neptune is, at any rate, almost certain ; he was worshipped on the seashore, and ships of gold were dedicated to him.

Donnelly maintain the latter in face of the historical evidence of Nimrod in the Bible, and in the cuneiform tablets ?* Among other sons of Poseidon who bear * In the Month, January 1884, I diseuesed the evidence as to the historical existence of Nimrod with reference to the cuneiform tablets.

251 ; Brown's Poseidon, 84).

Poseidon fell in love with her .

^ In Tradition and elsewhere I have endeavoured to collate, though very imperfectly, the various traditions of the patriarch Noah in Chronos, Poseidon, Saturn, Hoa, &c.

Chronos no doubt was the father of Poseidon, and so on ; yet fundamentally, whilst accreting other traditions, as of Shem, Cham, and Japhet, they all described a primeval legislator, who inaugurated or appeared in connection with a new order of things ; j all came out of

He clearly represented an ancient maritime civilised nation ; he came from the ocean, and was associated with some land and people that had been < destroyed by rain and inundations." In like manner Saturn is sent to Latium,; but although the tradition is connected also with Kronos and Poseidon, and although it is said (p.

82) that " Chronos and Saturn- were the same," yet Kronos and Poseidon are not so distributed, for the obvious reason that they stand at the commencement of the civilisation of Atlantis !

If " Chronos and Saturn are the same," Chronos cannot both be the father of Poseidon, who is gravely regarded by Mr.

Lenormant, as it shows close resemblance with the tradition of Chronos, through Poseidon, in : " Ilu, the supreme mysterious god whom the Greeks have con- ' stantly likened to their Kronos.

If these are commo%diluyian traditions of Kronos and Poseidon,^ it must follow that in Plato's account of Atlantis we may have diluvian traditions hefore the alleged period of its subsidence, quod est impossibile.

In Plato's description.of Atlantis prominence is naturally given to the horse, as is appropriate in any mythological legend which commences with Poseidon.

Brown {Poseidon, p.

tion of Poseidon with the horse." I am now only concerned with the fact.

And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis, begat children by a mortal woman, and settled them in a part of the island which I will proceed to describe.

Poseidon, son of Kronos, was the tutelary god of the Carthaginians, as witness Hamilcar's elaborate sacrifice to him in the war with Gelon [Juventus Mundi, p.

and Lenormant terms him " the Libyan Poseidon " The occupation of- Atlantis by Poseidon, and " his begetting children by a mortal woman," and " settling them " in a part of the island, may be conjecturally supposed to be the Carthaginian colonisation of the islands mentioned in Hanno's narrative and of the mainland beyond the mountains of Atlas; and this seems exactly confirmed when we read in Heeren (p.

It will be noticed that Plato, after the passage about Poseidon (as above), gives a description of a plain, and Hanno's account commences thus : "When we had passed the Pillars of Hercules on ©ur voyage, and had sailed beyond them for two -days, we founded the first city, which we named ' Thymiaterium.' Below it lay an extensive plain." The passage in Plato about Poseidon refers to the foundation of his first city.

Bochart'st conjecture is that it was so called because " situated in a plain," which corresponds to the fact ; and Plato describes the plain in which Poseidon (Neptune) " settled,his children " "as the fairest of all plains, and very fertile." Plato "then proceeds abruptly to inform us that " Poseidon next, as he was a god, found no difficulty in making special arrangements for the centre island, bringing the streams of water under the earth, which he caused to ascend as springs, one of warm water and the other of cold ; and making every variety of food to spring up abundantly on the earth." Here Plato a little anticipated Hanno's narrative—apparently for the purpose of introducing the earliest Athenian legend concerning Poseidon, for he is made to perform at Atlantis the same feat with * Lempri^re's Tour to Morocco (Pinkerton), xv.

" In his reign (Ceerops) Poseidon called forth with his trident a well on the Acropolis " (Smith's Mythological Dictionary).* Hanno goes on to say ihat after passing the plain they proceeded first to the west, where, " in a place thickly covered with trees," they " erected a temple to Neptune " (Poseidon), and then to the east, " where we found a lake lying not far from the sea," which would correspond to " the lakes which extended many miles in length " {supra, p.

If they came upon a country where sea and land, land and lakes, alternated, it might have suggested to Plato's imagination "the alternate zones of sea and land." Plato says, "And we are further told that Poseidon, when he broke up the ground, ....

made alternate zones of sea and land, larger and smaller;' encircling one another." It is next stated in Plato that Poseidon proceeded " to beget five pairs of male children, dividing the island of Atlantis into ten portions." " The eldest, who was the king, he named Atlas, and from him the whole island and the ocean received the name of Atlantic." The name of Atlas is here imported and transferred to the island by Plato from the traditions of Atlas on the mainland.

." Five cities are named, the number corresponding with the five pairs of children of Poseidon.

406) says : " The island in which the palace (the palace of Poseidon) was situated had a diameter of five stadia." The Atlantis island, or continent, thus shrinks to these dimensions.

this lake had three islands larger-than Cerne, whence, returning back, we came again to Cerne." If Hanno's narrative lies at the foundation of Plato'p fragment of Atlantis, it is natural that what ie central in the one should be central in the others, and, accordingly, that what was the.head-quarters in the one should figure as the palace of Poseidon in the other.

kind ofwork." " Also wha.teYerfragrant things there are in the earth, whether roots or herbage or woods, grew and thrived in that land." After an account of their laws and customs, he describes their sacrifices of bulls to Poseidon —how they burnt the limbs of the bull, and took the rest of the victim to the^re, after having made a purification of the column all round, and then poured a libation on the fire, ; and when darkness came on, and the fire about the sacrifice was cool (but not extinct), " all of them put on most beautiful azure robes, and, sitting on the ground at _ night near the embers of the sacrifice, on which they had sworn, and extinguishing all the fires about the temple, they received and gave judgment .

held in honour of Jupiter, Apollo, Minerva, Bacchus (Dionysus), Neptune (Poseidon), Ceres, and Diana.

400) named from "the gathering of the fruits," held, according to Menander, in honour of Ceres and Bacchus, and at which, according to Eustathius, " there was also a solemn procession in honour of Neptune." We are elsewhere told that the festival 6ia[/jOf6§iu was kept universally throughout Greece, except by the Eretrians (p.

427), the Protrugeia, in honoijr of Neptune and Bacchus in connection with the new wine.

The festival was so called from leaping on the sack (or bottle)." This must .be considered in connection with the conjoint festivals of Neptune and Bacchus, e.g.

Now, what we are told of these customs, which " were regulated by the injunctions of Poseidon as the law had handed them down," and " were inscribed by theJirst men on a column of orichalcum, .

Just as we are told that the laws of Atlantis were injunctions of Poseidon and handed down by the first men, so we find the Amphictyonic laws attributed to the son of Deucalion, and that the Ionian federation held their assemblies at a sacred place on Mount Mycale, where they had dedicated in common a temple to Neptune.

I should have mentioned—and it should be remarked also in the almost inseparable connection of the ox or the bull with the diluvian commemorative customs—that " before the Amphictyons proceeded to business they sacrificed an ox, and cut his flesh into small .pieces, intimating that union and unanimity prevailed _in the several cities they represented." Plato says when the Atlanteans gathered together, " before they passed judgment they gave their pledges to one another in this wise : there were bulls who had the range of the temple of Poseidon, and the ten who were left alone in the temple, after they had offered prayers to the gods that they might take the sacrifices which were acceptable to them, hunted the bulls without weapons, but with staves and nooses, and the bull which they caught they led up to the column." " When, therefore, after offering sacrifice according to their customs, they had burnt the limbs of the bull, they mingled a cup and cast in a clot of blood for ea.ch of them.

He is fabled to have been the son of Salamis, who gave her name to the island by Poseidon, and whose mother's name was Asopis.

came to Solocis, a promontory of Libya, a place thickly covered with trees, where we erected a temple to Neptune ; and again proceeded for the space of half a day towards the east, until we arrived at a lake lying not far from the sea and filled with abundance of large reeds.

And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis, begat children by a mortal woman, and settled them in a part of the island which I will proceed to describe.

The maiden was growing up to womanhood when her father and mother died ; Poseidon fell in love with her, and had intercourse with her ; and, breaking the ground, enclosed the hill in which she dwelt all round, making alternate zones of sea and land, larger and smaller, en-circling one another ; there were two of land and three of water, which he turned as with a lathe out of the centre of the island, equidistant every way, so that no man could get to the island, for ships and voyages were not yet heard of.

the interior ofthe citadel were constructed in this wise : In the centre was a holy temple dedicated to Cleito and Poseidon, which remained inaccessible, and was surrounded by an enclosure of gold ; this was the spot in which they originally begat the race of the ten princes, and thither they annually brought the fruits of the earth in their season from all the ten portions, and performed sacrifices to each of them.

Here, too, was Poseidon's own temple, of a stadium in length and half a stadium in width, and of a proportionate height, having a sort of barbaric splendour.

The water which ran off they carried, some to the grove of Poseidon, where were growing all manner of trees of wonderful height and beauty, owing to the excellence of the soil ; the remainder was conveyed by aqueducts which passed over the bridges to the outer circles : and there were many temples built and dedicated to many gods ; also gardens and places of exercise, some for men, and some set apart for horses, in both ofthe two islands formed by the zones ; and in the centre of the larger of the two there was a racecourse of a stadium in width, and in length allowed to extend all round the island, for horses to race in.

"Now the relations of their goverments to one another were regulated by the injunctions of Poseidon as the law had handed them down.

These were inscribed by the first men on a column of orichalcum, which was situated in the middle of the island, at the temple of Poseidon, whither the people were gathered together every fifth and sixth year alternately, thus giving equal honour to the odd and to the even number.

There were bulls who had the range of the temple of Poseidon ; and the ten who were left alone in the temple, after they had offered prayers to the gods that they might take the sacrifices which were acceptable to them, hunted the bulls.without weapons, but with staves and nooses; and the bull which they caught they led up to the column ; the victim was then struck on the head by them, and slain over the sacred inscription.

that they wouldjudge according to the laws on the column, and would punish any one who had previously transgressed, and that for the future they would not, if they could help, transgress any of the inscriptions, and would not command or obey any ruler who commanded them to act otherwise than according to the laws of their father Poseidon.

I should also like to lay stress on the omission from the former edition of the fact, brought to my notice by Mr Ralph Shirley, that Poseidon was a god of earthquake as well as a purely marine deity—a fact which gives to the Platonic account an added significance.

The gods, remarks Critias paraphrasing this account, in dividing the regions of the earth among themselves, apportioned the island of Atlantis to Poseidon or Neptune.

Poseidon fell in love with Cleito, and enclosed the hill where she dwelt with alternate zones of sea and land encircling one another, so that no man might reach this Eden.

In the centre of the ‘citadel was a temple dedicated to Cleito and Poseidon, inaccessible and surrounded by a golden enclosure, as well as another fane solely dedicated to Poseidon and built in a style of ‘‘ barbaric splendour.’ Its walls were covered with silver, and its pinnacles with gold.

Here stood a golden statue of Poseidon erect in his chariot, to which were harnessed six winged steeds.

The laws of Poseidon governed the relations between the various insular states, and these laws had been inscribed by the first men on a pillar of orichalcum in the temple of Poseidon, where the people were gathered together and held festival every fifth and every sixth year.

Near the temple grazed the sacred bulls of Poseidon, and these the ten kings of the islands periodically offered up in sacrifice, shedding the blood of the victim over the inscription, and vowing not to transgress the laws of Poseidon.

Poseidon, its lord, is god of the sea, and the maker of earthquakes—a significant fact.

Atlas, the son of Poseidon, is mentioned by several Greek writers as the founder of Mauretania, the land in the neighbourhood of the Pillars of Hercules, and this may have seemed to Plato good evidence of his Atlantean connection.

‘‘ The Atlanteans,” says Dr Bodichon, who passed many years in Algeria, “ among the ancients passed for the favourite children of Neptune.

The hill alluded to in this myth has to my mind a suspicious resemblance to the Atlantean eminence on which we are told Poseidon built his dwelling.

In the first place, the god Quetzalcoatl, although he had many guises, can be equated with Atlas and Poseidon.

It is thus clear that he is the American equivalent of Poseidon.

It seems to me that if Quetzalcoatl can be equated with Atlas, Tlaloc and his wife Chalchihuitlicue can almost as readily be compared with Poseidon and Leucippe, the original figures in Plato’s narrative.

A number of these give prominence to a great hill resembling that on which the Atlantean temple of Poseidon was built.

We see a male anda female figure which possibly depict the ancestral Atlantean gods known as Poseidon and Cleito, and these are surrounded by lines which may represent the zones of land and water mentioned in the myth.

We have, then, traced the Poseidon, Cleito, and Atlas of Plato’s story, or deities strongly resembling them, in Central America.

Egyptian and American Comparisons 175 Atlantean offspring of Poseidon.

Poseidon, indeed, was worshipped along with the Cabiri at Berytus.

We may recollect that in Plato’s account of Atlantis ten golden statues of the Atlantean gods or kings are spoken of as standing in front of the Temple of Poseidon.

Pariacaca, the demi-god who had emerged from one of the eggs or “‘ arks,”’ as related above, came, like Poseidon, to a hill-country, where he was insulted by the people.

She consented to his suit, and he irrigated the whole land, as did Poseidon in Atlantis.

Here we see the zones of land and water, represented by the mainland, the causeways which cross and -recross the lake, and the numerous canals which flow round the great central pyramid of Uitzilopochtli, the high-place, analogous to the Temple of Poseidon.

Pyramid, broch, and nuraghe, then, appear to be but diverse manifestations of the one original model of the Atlantean central height on which stood the Temple of Poseidon.

That the divine or heavenly race had become degenerate through intermarriage with the earthly denizens of the world—that “the sons of God (supernatural beings) saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose,” precisely as did Poseidon and his sons, and that “there were giants (Titans) in the earth in those days ”—all circumstances absolutely paralleled in the Atlantis legend.

He tells Gilgamesh how he constructed an ark at the behest of the god Ea, the Lord of Waters, god of the primeval deep, the founder of Babylonian culture, a figure almost identical with Poseidon.

As a suitable frontispiece to the present work, the celebrated picture of the throne of Neptune or Poseidon has been selected.

Poseidon is the Ocean God, to whom the Atlantic Isle was assigned.

It is Neptune on his dragon-throne.

33 in that sea, which were sacred to Persephone, and three others, of an immense magnitude, one of which was consecrated to Pluto, another to Ammon, and that which was situated between them, to Poseidon.

After her, I beheld Iphimedia, wife of Aloeus, who said that she had been united to Neptune and bare two sons : but they were short lived god-like Otus and far-famed Ephialtes, whom the fruitful earth nourished the tallest and far the most beautiful, at least after illustrious Orion ; for at 9 years old, they were also 9 cubits in width, but in height, they were 9 fathoms ; who then threatened the immortals, that they would set up a strife of impetuous war, in Olympus.

Medusa, alone, had serpents in her hair, according to Ovid, and this proceeded from the resentment of Minerva, in whose temple Medusa had gratified the passions of Neptune, who was enamoured of her, on account of the beauty of her locks, which the Goddess changed into serpents.

It is natural to look for the Nereids in the Grecian Sea : but Pauly, the German lexicographer, has Aega as a golden wave palace in the depth of the sea, where dwelt Poseidon and the Tritons.

Although Uranus is its first king, Poseidon is said to have had tha Atlantic Isle allotted to him.

In this character, Neph, the Egyptian Neptune, is the Serpent himself, who also is one of the constellations : so that a comparison of the mythic personages who compose the Soul of the world, makes

The only God mentioned in the extracts, who does not appear in the Ptolemaic Zodiac, is Bacchus; but when the course of enquiry reaches Palenque, he also will present himself in a mystic identity with Neptune.

Its nag is a red sun on a white disk, and it is remarkable, that this emblazonment is exactly the same as the Heraldic head dress of the God Neph in Egypt, shewing that Neph, the Latin Neptune, is identical with Niphon, the proper name of Japan.

The Bull finding the Egg, broke it up, and out of it came the world." In the Japanese mythology and traditions, it is expressly said, that "Jebis, who is called the Neptune of Japan," and who must have been a very important personage, inasmuch as he is the brother of the God Tenzio, "was sent away to another Island." Where that Island was, can be confidently decided from a very curious picture, which is printed in Picard's great work on national religions.

In Emeric David's work on Neptune, the author shews, that Neptune was the horse, which carried Ceres on his back.

At page 8, he says, " Ceres, who is Terra, took the form of a mare, to avoid Neptune: so he became a horse and had a daughter whose name is unknown, and Arion.

From Pontus, descended Sidon, who, by the excellence of her singing, first invented the hymns of odes or praises, and Poseidon.

After this, Cronus gave the city of Byblus to the goddess Baaltis, which is Dione and Berytus to Neptune and the Cabiri, who were cultivators of the soil and fishermen, and they consecrated the remains of Pontus at Berytus.

They were subject to the will of Neptune.

They are represented as young and handsome virgins sitting on dolphins and holding Neptune's trident in their

" They were subject to the will of Neptune." Who was Neptune ?

As Japan or Niphon is the Neptune of the old world, and as Poseidon had the Atlantic Isle as his portion, he ought to be found in Mexico.

That this God, if he is to be called by that name, had been in the land of the Serpent, is a part of the symbolic teaching of the Egyptians, wherein Nef, the Egyptian Neptune, is transformed into a Serpent.

Nef has several other figures to represent him; so that when he appears as a walking snake it brings Neptune or Poseidon into the Atlantic Isle.

If the reader will turn once more to the frontispiece of the present work, he cannot fail to notice, that the throne of Neptune is supported by the dragon.

Neptune became enamoured of her, and obtained her favours in the temple of Minerva.

This violation of the sanctity of the temple provoked Minerva, and she changed the beautiful locks of Medusa, which had inspired Neptune's love, into serpents.

In this myth, Neptune appears again.

All the myths agree that it was Neptune, that is to say, Niphon, that colonized the country.

"He is a son of the Medusa by Neptune.

Pursuant to this agreement, Saturn always devoured his sons as soon as born, because, as some observe, he dreaded from them a retaliation of his unkindness to his father: till his wife Rhea, unwilling to see her children perish, concealed from her husband the birth of Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, and instead of the children she gave him large stones, which he immediately swallowed, without perceiving the deceit.

In the myth these sons are called Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto: but in the cosmogony of Sanconiathan, Ilus, who here coalesces with Saturn or Cronus, has Zeus, Belus and Apollo.

Agenor is son of Neptune, and brother to Belus.

Plato returns to the subject, in his writings entitled Critias, and he gives a much more extended account of the Island entering a little into its histories, and describing at great length the practices of the inhabitants, giving a particular account of the temple of Poseidon.

In the distribution of the Earth, Poseidon got, as his lot, the Atlantic Island, begot

The temple of Poseidon himself, was a stadium in length, having something of a barbaric appearance.

Round the outside of the temple were likewise golden images placed, of all men and women that were descended from the ten kings, and many other large statues, both of kings and private people, both from the city itself and of the foreign countries, over which they had dominion." After a description of the land and its practices, it is said, "Of the ten Kings, each individually, in his own district and over his own city, ruled supreme over the people and the laws, constraining and punishing whomsoever he pleased, and the government and the commonwealth in each was regulated by the injunctions of Poseidon, as the law handed them down and inscriptions were made, by the first (Kings) on a column of wichalcham, which was deposited in the centre of the Island, in the temple of Poseidon, where they assembled every fifth year.

As there were many bulls grazing in the temple of Poseidon, ten men went to hunt, and which-

211 by Plato, a temple of Poseidon, and it is especially referred to Atlas and his descendants.

More properly speaking, the picture of the throne of Neptune must be a representation of the Quiche palace, but with such features of difference, as to shew that time and forgetfulness had produced a scene, somewhat altered.

It has been already pointed out, that the throne of Neptune is the dragon throne, so that the picture ought to be the throne of Poseidon, in the Atlantic Isle.

After mentioning customs and laws, many of which are omitted in this transcription, for want of space, mention is made of a column, deposited in the temple of Poseidon, on which were inscriptions.

When Juno, Neptune, and Minerva conspired to dethrone Jupiter, Briareus ascended heaven and sat himselfdown next to him, and so terrified the conspirators by his fierce and threatening looks, that they desisted.

He is Neptune himself, to whom the Atlantic Isle had been originally allotted.

This is seen by the circumstance, that he carries on his head the European emblem of Neptune the dolphin.

This is the ancient Neptune of the Pacific Ocean, who, in earlier ages, had taken Ceres upon his back and landed her in the Oceanic hemisphere.

Her myth is as follows : " Amphitrite, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, married Neptune, though she had made a vow of perpetual celibacy.

She had a statue at Corinth, in the temple of Neptune.

Neptune there takes another wife.

Neptune is in his boat.

Iris is the child of Electra, the wife of Atlas, locating in Quiche, in Central America Thaumas, her father, is a son of Neptune, standing for the Naohas race.

261 In the fragment of Marcellus, transcribed at page 33, after mention is made of Islands sacred to Persephone, it is said that "there were three others of an immense magnitude, one of which was consecrated to Pluto, another to Ammon, and that which was situated between them, to Poseidon." This quotation locates Pluto in South America.

Ammon has North America, Poseidon Central America, and Pluto South America.

It has likewise been shown, that Poseidon had Central America.

Suriel or Uriel is discoverable in Euryale." Euryale is one of the Gorgons, who was immortal." "Euryale was a daughter of Minos, mother of Orion by Neptune." The latter part of this pedigree belongs to another chapter.

She is the mother of Orion by Neptune.

Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury are his fathers.

This enrichment of population must have come by ship, because the fatherhood is referred to Neptune.

This celebrated bull had been given to Minos by Neptune, to be offered on his altars.

Inca, who, 271 ; known, 276 Indian tribes, 185 ; customs, 189 lo myth, 306 ; Isis, 308 lolaus, sou of Iphicles, 241 lonim Oceauides, 58 Iphicles Ophiuchus, 241 Iris at Styx, 56; daughter of Electra, 234; myth, 242 Irish Sculptures, 243 Iroquois tradition, 83 Isiris inventor three letters, 105 Isis, Queen of Manes, 290 Issa River, 257 Itan thursus Great Wolf, 268 Itonamish race, 265 Ixion myth, 285 Japanese navigation, 87 ; Creator, 86 Japetus Titan Giant, 48; Zapotecs, 122 Jason, scholar of Chiron, 199 Jebis Japanese Neptune, 85 Jemma Japanese God, 268 Jotues Wolves, 268 lotuuheim across the Sea, 95 ; Thor there, 171 Jouas and Jouans, 177 Juggernauth Narasingha, 71 Jupiter Olympius, 103 ; on Bull, 237 Karliki dwarfs, 98 Kamadewa Hindoo Cupid, 202 Kiwasa Indian Idol, 190 Kokuo Wolf, 269 Krishna Incarnation of Vishnu, 64; king of Swetaru dwipa, 67 Kurma Incarnation of Vishnu, 63 Lacksmi consort of Vishnu, 61 ; in Swetatn dwipa, 67 Lemures 290 ; Lemuria, 290 Lima described, 291 Loak, god of Chickasaws, 189; stem-father of the Cherekees, 270 Loki, father of Serpent Wolf and Hela, 96 Loki, Utgard, 171 Louque, first man of Caribs, 270 Lupacas Race, 265 ; Aymaras, 269 Lupercalia, 51 Lychie Fawns, 98 MacedoWolf, 266 Macedonians' banner, Wolf, 266 Mahabeli Monarch, 63 Maia, mother of Mercury, 103 Mainas Province, 257 Mana Wolf, 269 Managarm Wolf, 268 Manaos in Peru, 289 Manes of dead, 289 ; myth, 289 Mania myth, 290 Marcellus fragment, 33, 261 Mars demon, 266 Maurigasima, Pacific Ocean, 34 Mayas kingdom, 216 Mayo and its towns, 245 Medusa Gorgon, 49 ; myth, 150 Megara Eumenide, 52 Menalippa myth, 284 Menippa, 111 Mercury at Palace of Electra, 181 Mexico dragon, 139; arts, 144; religion 147 ; two, 149 Minerva Japanese, 142 Mincetius, 125 Minos myth, 281, 303 Minotaur myth, 305 Miuoutcher Monarch, 306 Mithra, 136 ; initiations, 138 Mobinish race, 265 Montezuma, 127 Monasteries Yucatan, 216 ; Peru, 283 Moral in Tahiti, 312 Mounds described, 161 Mummies in Peru, 289 Muspellheim, 86 Naiades myth, 198 Narasingha Incarnation of Vishnu, 63 ;

Nayarit, 142 Nais, mother of Chiron, 198 Narada goes to Swetam, 67 Natchez tradition, 83 Navigation Pacific, 87; Atlantic, 218 Neptune dragon throne, 6; Serpent, 143; Bacchus, 231 Nereids Oceauides, 45; in stables of Ocean, 90 ; wives of Serpent, 141 ; myth, 141 Nereus myth, 45 Night mother of Eumenides, 52 Ninip Emblem man-bull, 295 ; legend Noraghe in Sardinia, 240 Norax myth, 241 Nymphs Atlautides, 103 Oannes, fish gods, 58, 143, 144 Ocosinco, winged sun, 205 Oceanus America, 40 ; Titan, 41 ; myth, 41; pedigree, 43; Titan Giant, 48; father of Styx, 56 (Eaea Island, 35 , (Eaeaii Isle, 58 CEgean Nereids there, 58 Oello Peruvian civilizer, 285 (Eon, 58 Oisin tradition, 38 Olaimy Mount, 176, 177 Olmeques in Mexico, 126 Olympic games, 178 Olympus Eurynome there, 175 ; Vulcan there, 175 ; description, 176 ; wars, 183 Oman Missourian Indians, 57 Ombte Evil Spirit, 252 Ophion myth, 175 ; Collation, 182

Pan pipe, 229 Pandora, great mother, 101 ; myth, 148 Pasiphae Oceanide, 303 ; myth, 303 Patala Beli there, 64 ; on Sesha Serpent, 68 ; described, 167 ; Seven of them, 185; Yama lord of, 268 Pegasus from Medusa, 153 Peirouu, history of, 34 Peri inMount Caf , 39 Perseus myth, 152 : Feridoun, 153 Phoenicians in Mound Cities, 188, 179 Phorcys, father of Gorgons, 49 Phoroneus myth, 44 Plata La province, 261 ; Religion, 256 Pluto in Atlantic Isle, 33; in Demonology, 263 Polymeco Temple, 177 Poseidon, centre of Atlantic Isle, 33 ;

Poseidon is Jeremiah's king of the sea land.

One of the most famous Asen, later gods, is Poseidon, much named in Greek history.

Poseidon is probably the king of the sea land of whom Jeremiah speaks, and the king of the islands beyond the sea.

After Plato the principles were cut on a pillar of brass in the temple of Poseidon on the Walhalla burg.

The outflow went partly into the grove of Poseidon, an Ase, so into Asgard, where trees of every kind grew especially tall and beautiful, and partly through canals over the bridge Bifröst into the outer ring walls.

So it may have gone with the writer of the Atlantis history in Revelation, when he saw the highest of the Asen in the temple of Poseidon in Thule or in Walhall.

Not for nothing is Poseidon pictured driving as lord god on a war chariot spanned with horses.

One of the Atlantic army kings seems to have been Poseidon, of whom Greek saga reports.

137 the three prongs of Poseidon's trident are North America, South America, and Atlan, now under the Atlantic.

Poseidon, he says Plato says, was the first king of Atlantis.

He also calls Chaldea the twin sister of Egypt and the daughter of Poseidon, king of the lands beyond the sea, and Lybia (p.

Chaldea, "the twin sister of Egypt, daughter of Poseidon, king of the Lands beyond the sea, and Lybia," looked polytheistic, but Pythagoras, Democritus, and others could resolve the gods into powers of nature.

The three loops are the three great parts of the Lands of the West, which Greek mythologists figured by the trident of Poseidon.

One is the sceptre of Poseidon.

Plato, he says, makes Poseidon the first king of Atlantis, and the Greek mythologists make him a son of Kronos.

Poseidon, taking as his lot the Atlantic island, begot children by a mortal woman and settled in a spot of the island.

Clarke finds this a peculiarity, because we are led to believe that the real population of the earth was from Poseidon.

Poseidon created two springs, one hot and one cold, which may become an identification of a site, and five pairs of male twins, to whom he gave kingdoms.

The frontispiece, facing the title, is captioned as the throne of Neptune or Poseidon, to whom the centre of the Atlantic Isle was consecrated.

From Marcellus, in Cory's fragments, he takes seven islands sacred to Persephone, and three of immense size: one consecrated to Pluto, one to Ammon, and the one between them to Poseidon, the last not less than 1,000 stadia (p.

261 he reads the three lots as the hemisphere itself: Ammon for North America, Poseidon for Central America, Pluto for South America.

The frontispiece is the throne of Neptune or Poseidon.

Poseidon is the ocean god to whom the Atlantic Isle was assigned.

Marcellus, in his Ethiopian history, as published in Cory's fragments, says historians of the outward sea told of seven islands in that sea sacred to Persephone, and three others of immense magnitude, one consecrated to Pluto, another to Ammon, and the one between them to Poseidon.

The Aegean, where Nereus and the Nereids reside, is the same softening, and Pauly's Aega, a golden wave-palace in the depth of the sea where Poseidon and the Tritons dwelt, cannot be the Greek sea.

The name Uranus is in Varuna, and Blacket pairs that rivalry with the European one: Uranus is first king, but Poseidon had the Atlantic Isle allotted to him (p.

Neph, the Egyptian Neptune, as a walking serpent, is the constellation of the Serpent.

Bacchus is the only god in the extracts who is not in the Ptolemaic zodiac, and he will appear at Palenque in a mystic identity with Neptune (pp.

Japan, by its heraldry, is the rising sun, a red sun on a white disk, the same emblazonment as the head-dress of the god Neph in Egypt, so that Neph, the Latin Neptune, is identical with Niphon, the proper name of Japan.

Jebis, the Neptune of Japan, brother of the god Tenzio, was sent away to another island.

From Pontus descended Sidon, who invented hymns, and Poseidon.

Cronus gave Athena the kingdom of Attica, Byblos to the goddess Baaltis, which is Dione, and Berytus to Neptune and the Cabiri.

Japan, or Niphon, is the Neptune of the old world, and Poseidon had the Atlantic Isle, so he ought to be in Mexico.

The Egyptian Nef transformed into a walking serpent, legs that ought to be red, brings Neptune or Poseidon into the Atlantic Isle.

The tale is the familiar one: daughter of Phorcys and Ceto, the only mortal Gorgon, loved by Neptune in the temple of Minerva, her locks changed to serpents.

Critias describes the island, the practices, and the temple of Poseidon.

In the distribution of the earth, Poseidon got the Atlantic Island, begot children by a mortal woman, and settled in a spot now to be described.

Poseidon begot and brought up five pairs of twin male children and gave them allotments.

The temple of Poseidon was a stadium in length, of a barbaric appearance.

The government was regulated by the injunctions of Poseidon, handed down as law.

Inscriptions by the first kings were on a column of orichalcum, deposited in the centre of the island, in the temple of Poseidon, where they assembled every fifth year.

He sets Plato's temple of Poseidon, with its hundred Nereids and the god in a chariot of six winged horses, beside that palace.

The frontispiece, the dragon throne of Neptune, ought to be the throne of Poseidon in the Atlantic Isle, and at Quiche it is found, altered by time (p.

When Juno, Neptune, and Minerva conspired against Jupiter, Briareus sat down next to him and terrified them.

Neptune is in his boat, about to forsake the Atlantic Isle and seek new territories on the Mediterranean.

Thaumas, father of Iris, is a son of Neptune, standing for the Nahua race.

He now reads them as the three divisions of the Atlantic Island: Ammon has North America, Poseidon Central America, and Pluto South America.

Poseidon has already been given Central America.

Suriel, or Uriel, is discoverable in Euryale, one of the immortal Gorgons, daughter of Minos, mother of Orion by Neptune.

Euryale, daughter of Minos, one of the three Gorgons, is mother of Orion by Neptune.

His fathers are Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury, a triple parentage.

By this marriage Minos becomes ancestor of some portion of Iran, of historical Babylon, and of Assyria, and the enrichment came by ship because the fatherhood is referred to Neptune (p.

Later he says the island was Atlantis, Ovid's land of Neptune, Poseidon, and of Atlas (p.

Neptune three times tries to lift his arms from the water and cannot bear the heat.

The palace of the sun, gold and carbuncle and ivory, reminds him of the temple of Poseidon in Plato's story.

Ovid says it was the land of Neptune, Poseidon.

It is Neptune who cries out for mercy.

This seems to refer to the island Atlantis, "overflowed with water," and destroyed, as told by Plato; thereby forming a very distinct connection between the Island of Poseidon and the Deluge of Noah.

The finding I keep is the one connection he states in his own sentence: Poseidon's island and Noah's deluge, joined through this verse, and a future fire modeled on the past one.

He also writes ten children of Poseidon and Cleito in the religion chapter, and nine sons in the witchcraft chapter.

In Plato, Zeus, "the god above the gods", stands above Poseidon and judges Atlantis at the end.

"Poseidon" and "Zeus" are Hellenic titles.

When the earth was divided, Atlantis went to Poseidon, son of Saturn, who married Cleito, a mortal woman, one of the aborigines.

The vases are consecrated to Poseidon.

The bull is a symbol of Poseidon as the tempestuous sea.

Poseidon, though a Titan, stood with Jupiter against the Titans.

Poseidon's feud with Pallas Athena began in a rivalry for the patronage of Athens.

The twelve statues in the Temple of Poseidon are, for Spence, the sequel of a great stone circle, like the Blue Stones of Stonehenge, dedicated to the great dead.

The official nucleus was the Temple of Poseidon, in the middle and most inaccessible part of the citadel.

Two fanes: one to Poseidon and Cleito, one to Poseidon alone.

A great golden Poseidon stands in a chariot, reins of winged steeds, nereids and tritons on dolphins.

The Telchines are sons of Poseidon.

Spence suggests the plan descends from a stone circle later superseded by the Temple of Poseidon.

The kings then entered the temple and offered thanks and sacrifices to Poseidon.

The azure robe, the symbolic garb of Poseidon, belonged to the kings or chief Magi alone.

It dwelt apart in the most retired portion of the Temple of Poseidon.

Poseidon, or Neptune, marries Cleito, an aboriginal woman, and has by her nine sons, all of them giants or Titans.

Phorcys was the son of Poseidon.

Hercules, Poseidon, Albion, and Iberius belong to one group of patron deities.

The Arcane Tradition inscribes a legend that at certain seasons the kings of Atlantis were translated to dwell with Poseidon, their ancestor, in his earthly paradise on the summit of the mountain at the centre of the mainland.

In Atlantean record the Mysteries are fellowship with the gods, Poseidon and his kindred, and the restoration of man to his primal blessedness.

Close by, the great statue of Poseidon in his bull form reared what the writer calls a spectacle of hideous and shaggy terror.

Twelve statues in the Temple of Poseidon are the number frequently found in megalithic circles, and the number of seats at the Round Table, whose occupants have been identified with Celtic gods.

Poseidon is grouped with the British giant-god Albion and with a Titan of the British isles.

It is, he says, assuredly a temple built after the manner of the temple of Poseidon at Cercenes.

The pyramid is a memory of the sacred hill of Poseidon, built in earth faced with stone, and only later in stone.

He repairs an omission: Poseidon was a god of earthquake as well as a marine deity.

Poseidon, or Neptune, received the island.

Poseidon ringed the hill so that no man might reach what Spence calls this Eden, and begat five pairs of male twins.

One temple was the enclosure of Cleito and Poseidon.

Another was of what he calls barbaric splendour: Poseidon in a chariot with six winged steeds, and golden statues of his ten sons and their wives.

The laws stood on a pillar of orichalcum in the temple of Poseidon.

Poseidon is god of the sea and maker of earthquakes.

His summary of the American traditions is that they point to a later date for the Antilian catastrophe than for the Atlantean one, that flood and upheaval myths are widespread, that a great hill like the hill of Poseidon's temple is prominent, and that culture-heroes arrive from the east, from an oceanic land.

In the Codex Tro-Cortesianus he sees a male and a female figure, possibly Poseidon and Cleito, surrounded by lines which may be the zones.

They were two, and were later reflected in the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, who resemble the Atlantean offspring of Poseidon.

Poseidon was worshipped with the Cabiri at Berytus.

Plato's ten golden statues in front of the temple of Poseidon resemble the ten images of the Tzitzimine, the elemental deities, placed round the idol of Uitzilopochtli in his temple at Mexico.

Pariacaca, the demi-god from the egg, came like Poseidon to a hill-country where he was insulted, and he destroyed the village with a flood.

She consented to his suit, and he irrigated the whole land, as Poseidon did in Atlantis.

Causeways and canals are the zones, and the great central pyramid of Uitzilopochtli is the high place analogous to the temple of Poseidon.

Genesis, chapters vi to viii, has the sons of God see that the daughters of men are fair and take wives, precisely as Poseidon and his sons did, and it has giants, the Titans, in the earth in those days.

The ark is built at the behest of Ea, lord of the waters, god of the primeval deep, founder of Babylonian culture, a figure Spence calls almost identical with Poseidon.

The figures in that passage, as printed: in 45 A.D., Marcellus, in Tois Aethiopikes, recorded that the inhabitants of the Atlantic island of Poseidon preserve a tradition of an Atlantic island of not less than a thousand stadia, which Dubay's quotation glosses as about 115 miles, which governed all the islands of the Atlantic.

Plato's ceremonial column at the midpoint of the Temple of Poseidon, at the center of Atlantis, is the human spine.

Sacrificial bull's blood over the exterior of the Temple of Poseidon matches, he says, the blood over the exterior of the brain.

The Egyptian Hape, Apis in Greek, was the sacred bull of Memphis and roamed free in a courtyard of the temple, like the bulls at the Temple of Poseidon.

If the Temple of Poseidon (between your "temples") is your brain then Atlantis' bull's-eye is your third-eye/pineal gland which literally "roams free in the courtyard of the temple" because it is surrounded by water/fluid.

Poseidon as an Azilian priest-king from the Atlas region of North Africa (pp.

Albion for Britain, Iberius for Ireland, Atlas for the island, all sons of Poseidon in the notice he takes from Pomponius Mela (pp.

Poseidon received Atlantis and had children by a mortal woman.

Poseidon married Cleito, ringed the mountain with two mounds and three sea-filled ditches, and put two springs there, one hot and one cold.

The temple of Poseidon was about 600 feet long and, in his words, three acres square, roofed with ivory, gold, silver, and orichalcum.

Poseidon stood in a chariot of winged horses, with a hundred Nereids on dolphins.

On government he writes that each of the twelve kings was absolute in his own island, under laws cut on an orichalcum column in the temple of Poseidon.

Every six years they met, brought in ten bulls, and each king vowed to offer one to Poseidon without iron.

Athene, enemy of Poseidon, fought him for Athens.

Odysseus's wanderings are one long struggle with Poseidon.

So Athene stands twice against the Atlantic side: against Poseidon, and against Atlas's daughter.

Spence cannot see an Egyptian equivalent for Poseidon or for Atlas.

Plato's ivory in the temple of Poseidon, plus the elephants, means for Spence that Atlantis had mammoth ivory of its own.

Pomponius Mela says Albion, a Titan, son of Poseidon and tutelary god of Britain, was a brother of Atlas and, with Iberius, god of Ireland, fought Hercules for the western passage.

About 10,500 BC Poseidon and his Azilian proto-Iberians invaded Atlantis from North Africa.

Then, seemingly about 10,500 B.C., "Poseidon" and his Azilian Proto-Iberians invade Atlantis from the North African region.

Poseidon, if read as a man, is the leader of that Azilian band, arriving some centuries before the Azilian raid on Europe, about a thousand years before the final sinking.

Poseidon married a native woman, cut canals, built a temple on a hill, and fathered twins who ruled the island and the surrounding isles and founded a caste and an ancestor cult.

Herodotus, Book II, Chapter 40, is cited for the statement that the Greeks learned of Poseidon from the Libyans, who alone once had a god of that name.

Herodotus, Book II, Chapter XL, states that the Greeks received their knowledge of Poseidon from the Libyans (Africans) "by whom he has always been honoured, and were anciently the only people who had a god of that name."

On page 132 he names the parents Beli and Annu, and he reads them as Poseidon and Cleito.

Near Poseidon's temple the sacred bulls are sacrificed by the ten kings, who put on azure robes and judge offenders.

Atlas is then the brother of Albion, both sons of Poseidon.

With Iberius, god of Ireland, also a son of Poseidon, he fought the Greek hero near Arles, according to Pomponius Mela (p.

According to Pomponius Mela, Albion with his brother Iberius (the god of Ireland) the sons of Poseidon, challenged and fought the Greek demi-god near Arles.

He identifies Gradlon with Poseidon, first tamer of horses, shown on a horse or in a chariot, with a palace behind a dike and with gates on the sea-way.

The American summary, as his own contents list it, sets Plato beside Aztec stories of cataclysm, flood myths from Peru and Brazil, Brinton on the American deluge, a Mixtec legend, further Mexican myths, Tlaloc beside Poseidon, divine visitors among the Toltecs, and Quetzalcoatl as a culture-bringer from the west, compared with Atlas.

We are told in the first place that each of the twelve kings of Atlantis was absolute in his own island, but that so far as their government was concerned they were almost completely tied down to the mere carrying out of the ordinances of the ancient Atlantean rulers engraven on the column of orichalcum in the temple of Poseidon.

Each king vows one to Poseidon, kills it without iron, and the kings pass the limbs of each bull through the fire.

The bull is Poseidon's beast because Poseidon is earthquake and storm, and the bull stamps and bellows.

He suggests Poseidon was once the bull itself.

He connects that figure with earthquake, with the Minotaur as the bull of Poseidon, and with the Canary priestesses who went into the sea.

He names ten sons of Poseidon, five pairs of twins.