The Adityas, particularly Varuna, are closely associated with upholding Rta, the cosmic order in Hindu mythology.
Among the Adityas, Varuna is particularly revered as the guardian of Rta.
Moral and Ethical Law: Varuna is often depicted as the upholder of moral laws.
Cosmic Surveillance: Varuna is described as having a thousand eyes, symbolizing his ability to see everything.
Punishment and Forgiveness: Varuna is also responsible for punishing those who transgress the moral order.
Waters and Fertility: As the god of waters, Varuna controls the rivers, seas, and rainfall.
Water is a vital part of the cosmic order, essential for life and prosperity, and Varuna's dominion over it underscores his importance.
While Varuna is the primary guardian of Rta, other Adityas also contribute to maintaining the cosmic order through their specific domains:
The Adityas, particularly Varuna, are invoked in these rituals to bless and protect the adherents, ensuring that they live in accordance with Rta.
Thus, Bṛhaspati is referred to as possessing a powerful bow with "Ṛta as its string" and as one prepared to "mount the chariot of Ṛta"; Agni is described as one who is "desirous of Ṛta", one who is "Ṛta-minded" and as he who "spread Heaven and Earth by Ṛta"; the Maruts are referred to as "rejoicing in the house of Ṛta" and as "knowers of Ṛta"; Ushas is described as having been "placed at the root of Ṛta"; Varuna is praised as "having the form of Ṛta" and, along with Mitra as Mitra-Varuna, as "destroying the foes by Ṛta" and as "professing Ṛta by Ṛta".
The Adityas, particularly Varuna, are responsible for upholding Rta, ensuring that both natural and moral laws are followed.