Hanno sailed with sixty vessels, or sixty ships of fifty oars, and thirty thousand colonists, men and women, to found Liby-Phoenician cities (pp.
Phoenician enterprise he dates B.C.
Where the Phoenicians started.
The Iberian chapter, he says, has nothing to that effect except Strabo on the Turdetani and a claim of writings six thousand years old, plus Basque analogies with Algonquin and a learned chapter on Maya and Phoenician.
The held-back statement is Donnelly on the Phoenicians.
Donnelly points to a ruined city of Erythia, near Gades, on the Atlantic coast of Spain, older than Gades, and asks whether that town named the adjacent sea, and whether an island of Erythia was the start of the Phoenician migration into Europe.
Between Strabo and the commencement of Phoenician enterprise, which he dates B.C.
766), and Herodotus from the Phoenicians, put the oldest sanctuaries on Tylos and Aradus in the Persian Gulf, the Bahrien islands, later copied as Tyre and Aradus.
A footnote adds that the Phoenician tradition gathered at Tyre, Trogus Pompeius, the South Arabian tradition in Strabo, and the tradition current when the Syro-Chaldaic original of the Nabataean Agriculture was written, all agree that the Canaanites first dwelt near the Cushites on the Erythraean Sea or Persian Gulf.
Even without Strabo, he says, another line of tradition puts the Phoenician start on the Erythraean Sea between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
40, says Hanno's colonists were Liby-Phoenicians, taken from the country inhabitants, not from the citizens of Carthage.
He allows the Hebrew guess because he takes Phoenician for a Shemitic tongue, and he points to J.
If the weed was an impassable barrier, it would have been a constant subject of speculation for Phoenician mariners.
Sanchoniathon says Ilus or Cronos was once a man, deified by the Phoenicians, his soul passing into the planet that bears his name.
The Carthaginians decreed that Hanno should voyage beyond the Pillars and found Liby-Phoenician cities.
The bracketed sentence, which repeats Heeren, says the colonists were Liby-Phoenicians from the country, not citizens of Carthage.
Noah, as handed down in Libyan mythology, following in this the lines of tradition.* And looking to the diffusion of this worship ofPoseidon in Africa, including Egypt, Carthage, Ethiopia, Mauri-tania, and throughout the Phoenician colonisation, we seem to understand Plato's statement that Atlantis once "had an extent greater than Libya and Asia." "For many centuries," says Lenormant, " the Pelasgi of the Archipelago, Greece, and Italy, the Philistines of Crete, the Sicilians, the Sardinians, the Libyans, the Maxyans of Africa, in spite of the distance of sea separating them, united in a close confederation, maintaining a constant intercourse, and thus explaining the Libyan element, hitherto inexplicable, in the most ancient religious traditions of Greece, the worship of the Athenian Tritonis and of the Libyan Poseidon." Atlantis takes its name from Atlas—" the king." We hear of Atlas first in Hesiod, as son of Japetus ; his brother was Mencetius ("Mnesius," Plato; "Menu," Lenormant), and, according to ApoUodorus, his mother's name was Asia.
There is, indeed, the assertion that the Basque language has analogies with the Algonquin and other American languages ; and there is a similar argument in another very learned chapter in respect to the affinity between the Maya and Phoenician.
Donnelly's for further consideration, and as it is based on one of the facts upon which he apparently obtains foothold—one of the islets or peaks, so to speak, of the submerged Atlantis —I will give it in extract : " There was an ancient tradition among the Persians that the Phoenicians inigrated from the shores of the Erythean Sea, and this has been supposed to mean the Persian Gulf ; but there was a very old city of Erythia in utter ruin at the time of Strabo, which was buUt in some ancient age long before the founding of Gades, near the site of that town on the Atlantic coast of Spain.
and this may have been the starting-point of the Phoenicians in their European migrations.
In the first place, between Strabo's time and the commencement of Phoenician enterprise (B.C.
3) had collected from themouths of the Phoenicians themselves, that the two most ancient sanctuaries of their race were situated in the islands of Tylos and Aradus (two of the existing Bahrien islands), which reproduced later on in the new country of the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean the islElndi||||f Tyre and Aradus " (Fragmens Oosmogoniques,^.
221).* Even if Strabo had not said it, another line of tradition wouldshow that the Phoenicians sprang from the Erythean Sea, between, the Ked Sea and the Persian Gulf; but as this will afford evidence in another direction also, it will be convenient to reserve it.
He says : ."The Phoenician tradition, gathered at Tyre itself by Herodotus, .
Some of the plains and valleys are of great extent and extraordinary fertility ;" " the soil is now, as in antiquity, proverbial for its fertility;" "the grass often attaining a height unequalled except in the prairies of America." " On the northwestern side of the Atlas range the climate is healthy and genial." QviJUiccrrigioi/ is only the Greek rendering of the Libyan-Phoenician name, and perhaps a fanciful rendering.
+ Bochart's conjective is founded on a Hebrew eqnivalent ; but this may hold, as the Phoenician iB^olassed by the philologistB ob a Shemitib tongue.
He says, "May not the belief in the 'Atlantis' be as probably owing to^he 'gulf-weed,' which would so naturally suggest the idea of sunken land, as to any of the other causes which are usually assigned for it?" And if this "gulf-weed" 'formed an impassable and impenetrable barrier to exploration in the Atlantic, it must have been a constant subject of speculation with the Phoenician mariners.
" It was decreed by the Carthaginians that Hanno should undertake a voyage beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and found Liby-Phoenician cities.
The remaining one-third of the terms were received directly by the Author as given to him by Ku-li-u'thiis, a Phoenician spirit who, when a mortal, dwelt in the then known section of Phinea, now known as along the shores and west of the Dead Sea, one of the helpers of Alem Prolex in search of nomenclature for this book.
As, for instance, the Atlantian Ut, or A, which appears in a similar character in the Chalcidian inscriptions; Bu, or B, in the Greek alphabet, Phoenician, old Athenian, old Corinthian, old Chaldean, old Latin, etc., with slight changes nearing the form of modern X ; Du, or D, in the old Hebrew rock-cut inscriptions, old Athenian, Greek, Chalcidian inscriptions, old Latin; le, or E, hieratic Egyptian; Tu, or F, in the old Athenian, and reversed in the Chalcidian and old Latin ; Gu, or G, in the old Hebrew rock inscriptions ; Elt, or H, in the old Greek, old Corinthian, slightly changed, and inverted in the Chalcidian and old Latin ; Ti, or I, in the old Corinthian, Chalcidian inscriptions, old Latin and modern Alphabets ; Gu, or J, in the Phoenician ; Et, or L, in the hieratic Egyptian, Ancient Phoenician, and Moabitic ; Fa, or P, in the old Corinthian, Latin, and modern, slightly changed; Let, or R, in the Greek with left oblique stroke added; Ut, or T, in the hieratic Egyptian, and Hieroglyphic numbers; Ud, or U, in the Ancient Phoenician, old Athenian, and old Corinthian, slightly changed, and also reversed ; Az, or X, in the Phoenician ; We, or Y, in the Syriac numbers ; Sa, or Z, in the Greek letters, slightly changed.
The Atlantian notes, or musical characters, have reappeared in such cases as the ancient Phoenician, Moabitic and hieratic Egyptian alphabets; slightly changed in the Grecian inscriptions and old Hebrew rock-cut inscriptions, etc.
g., Et, or I, is found in the Phoenician and old Hebrew alphabets, and the modern eighth rest sign in music ; We, or 2, in the old Hebrew alphabet, slightly changed obliquely; in the Phoenician and Moabitic, slightly changed, and in the modern sixteenth rest; Set,, or 3, in the Ancient Phoenician, Moabitic and old Hebrew alphabets, and modern thirty-second rest; Zret, or 5, in the ancient Phoenician and early Greek and Latin alphabets ; Sot, or 6, in the hieratic Egyptian numbers and in Greek letters, slightly changed ; Est, or 8, same as Sot, or 6, though with a little more change; Ont, or 9, in the hieratic figures ; the Cipher, in the Egyptian, Phoenician, Moabitic, old Hebrew, Greek, Latin and English alphabets, etc.
Passing into Gaul, we note that the Celts, through Phoenician commerce, were influenced by Greek poetry, rhetoric and the arts — and subsequently the furtherance of poetic influence, viz.
At the time of the formation of the Red Sea, a large portion of the Phianecians were lost by the convulsion and submergence; though a small remnant was left in its eastern border, and a large one on the western ; these ultimately became the pre-historic ancestors of the Phoenicians of modern ancient history.
Prehistoric America elucidated by the details of the Atlantis and the Phoenician Cosmogony ..
In the Phosnician cosmogony it stands at the head of the Phoenicians as (Eon.
This paper, being the Cosmogony of the Phoenicians, might be treated otherwise ; but its internal contents prove it to be a similar history to the other.
The Cosmogony of Sanconiathon is said to be "a history, taken out of the sacred books of the Phoenicians; and it is composed of three fragments, out of the writings of Philo, one out of a work called Phoenician history, one concerning the Jews, and one relating to Phoenician letters." After referring to the Chaos, there is the following paragraph.
"All these things, the son of Thabion, the first Hierophant of all among the Phoenicians, allegorized and mixed up with
105 the occurrences and accidents of nature and the world, and delivered to the priests and prophets, the superintendents of the mysteries, and they, perceiving the rage for these allegories increase, delivered them to their successors and to foreigners, of whom one was Isiris, the inventor of three letters, the hrother of Chna, who is called the first Phoenician.
The immediate descendants of these were called Genus and Genea, and they dwelt in Phoenicia, and when there was a great want of rain, they stretched out their hands towards the sun, in heaven, supposing him to be God, calling him Baalsamin, which in the Phoenician language, signifies the Lord of heaven.
[The Phoenicians say, Astarte is the same as Aphrodite].
ATLANTIS AND THE PHOENICIAN COSMOGONY.
There is no difference between the Persian, Phoenician, and the Greek pedigrees.
Using the Crown as a Chronological Epoch, and putting that Epoch at the top of American histories, as known to the Sicilians and Greeks, the Phoenician Cosmogony exhibits a much earlier history.
It may here be noticed, that the opening passage in the Phoenician cosmogony, runs parallel with the second verse of the first chapter of Genesis.
The reconstruction of the Atlantic nationalities, makes Saturn and Atlas to be most renowned The Sicilian Saturn is the Phoenician Cronus, so that what is said of Saturn, takes up the history of the woods and prairies of the red men.
He has the wings which the Phoenician cosmogony assigns to Taautes and Cronus.
Mover's Work on the Phoenicians belongs to this localization.
Although the Ophion myths have not exposed a Eed God, they have revealed the original home of the Phoenicians.
If Belus were Emperor of the Southern mounds, the Phoenicians must have been his subjects.
This can be proved by Classical myths and Phoenician mythology.
That is done in the Phoenician myth.
In that myth, Cadmus is a cook, in the palace of the Phoenician Baalsamin, while Hermione his wife is a fifer.
Among the perplexing questions which arise out of the last few chapters, there is perhaps none which is calculated to excite more astonishment than that which treats the Southern and South-Eastern states, as the original domicile of the Phoenicians.
The cosmogony, by implication, does say so, when it attributes to the Giants the naming of the Phoenician mountains and towns.
Let it be remembered that Kiwasa is God of the Apalachian Indians, and that his temple is exactly at the same spot as has been tracked out by means of the Phoenician cosmogony itself, as the birth place of Zeus, Belus and Apollo.
When drawn as a man, with a hawk's head, he seems to be the Agathodemon of the Phoenicians.
The nature of mythic history is lucidly described in the Phoenician Cosmogony.
Eusebius says, " All these things, the son of Thabion, the first Hierophant of all among the Phoenicians, allegorized and mixed up with the occurrences and accidents of nature and the world, and delivered to the priests and prophets, the superintendents of the mysteries, and they perceiving the rage for these allegories increase, delivered them to their successors and to foreigners." See page 104.
Here the practice of allegory is ascribed to the Phoenicians, who, in earlier chapters, have been traced to the Atlantic Isle ; so that mythic history must have been introduced into Europe by the Oceanides.
Here the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians are all credited with Hierophantism.
Pan pipe, 229 Pandora, great mother, 101 ; myth, 148 Pasiphae Oceanide, 303 ; myth, 303 Patala Beli there, 64 ; on Sesha Serpent, 68 ; described, 167 ; Seven of them, 185; Yama lord of, 268 Pegasus from Medusa, 153 Peirouu, history of, 34 Peri inMount Caf , 39 Perseus myth, 152 : Feridoun, 153 Phoenicians in Mound Cities, 188, 179 Phorcys, father of Gorgons, 49 Phoroneus myth, 44 Plata La province, 261 ; Religion, 256 Pluto in Atlantic Isle, 33; in Demonology, 263 Polymeco Temple, 177 Poseidon, centre of Atlantic Isle, 33 ;
The remaining third came to the author from Ku-li-u'thiis, a Phoenician spirit who had lived in Phinea, along the shores and west of the Dead Sea.
Avienus, who had at his disposal the accounts of many Phoenician voyages, expands on these obstacles.
Phoenician in origin, he was born not far from Ephesus.
In the third volume of his History of Greece, the eighteenth chapter, on Phoenicians, he takes up the ocean no longer navigable beyond a certain point, from mud, sands, shallows, fogs, or accumulations of sea-weed.
Hellas and Italia became the seat of the Aryan rivalries, and offered less to the Phoenician and Punic pirates than Hispania, divided, like all Iberian countries, into petty principalities of mixed populations.
Before the Celts, the Phoenicians had done the same in Gaul.
28, quotes Diodorus Siculus: the Phoenicians discovered a large island in the Atlantic, beyond the Pillars of Hercules, several days' sail from the coast of Africa.
It does not represent regular Phoenician or Carthaginian intercourse.
A Phoenician inscription reputed to have been found in Brazil a few years ago could not be authenticated, and was pronounced spurious.
The Phoenicians then appear as traders and pirates in the Levant, in advance of the Aryans who had penetrated into Hellas.
Without the Davenport, the Brazilian, the Phoenician, and other controverted specimens, there is a large number of American rock inscriptions, particularly those of Guiana, which show affinities with those of the Old World.
Their mixed descendants, under names he takes from Greek, Phoenician, Hindoo, and Icelandic myth, later crossed the Atlantic and settled the old continent.
Blacket's reconciliation is that the five races are all Atlantides: Brahmans of India, Ethiopians of Africa, Chaldeans of Babylonia, Phoenicians of Mauritania, and Atlantides.
In the Phoenician cosmogony it stands at the head as Oeon.
The other is the cosmogony of Sanconiathon, the Phoenician cosmogony, which internal contents prove to be a similar history.
Sanconiathon, as Philo and Eusebius transmit him, is three fragments: a Phoenician history, one concerning the Jews, and one on Phoenician letters.
After the chaos, the son of Thabion, the first hierophant of the Phoenicians, allegorized the occurrences and delivered them to the priests.
One foreigner who received them was Isiris, inventor of three letters, brother of Chna, the first Phoenician.
The Phoenicians say Astarte is Aphrodite (pp.
Persian, Phoenician, and Greek pedigrees all have Ouranos and Ge at the top.
Using the Crown as the epoch at the top of American history as the Sicilians and Greeks knew it, the Phoenician cosmogony is much earlier: Colpias and Baau, Aeon and Protogonus, Genus and Genea, Phos, Pur, and Phlox, then the giants, Memrumus and Hypsuranius, and Usous.
Saturn is the Phoenician Cronus, so his story takes up the woods and prairies.
The civilization of the Mexicans, when first known to the Spaniards, was much superior to that of the Spaniards when first known to the Phoenicians (p.
The rest of the chapter tests that pair of mountains against the myths of Zeus, the Titans, and the Phoenician side of the same settlement.
Tyndale thinks of the Phoenicians, then concludes there is nothing like them except the talayots of the Balearic Isles, a diminutive of Atalaya, meaning the giant's burrow, more cyclopean, one principal chamber, many surrounded by circles of stones and what are supposed to have been altars (p.
The Phoenicians, already traced to the Atlantic Isle, are credited with the practice of allegory, so mythic history was introduced into Europe by the Oceanides.
Egyptians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians are all credited with the hierophantic art (p.
The Phaeacians and Phoenicians: Homer's island people.
He also opens by calling the Atlanteans the elders of the Phoenicians in the art of navigation.
The Bible tells us that the Phoenicians knew every sea; but this people came much later than the Atlanteans, who were their elders in the art of navigation and who possessed numerous fleets in the Atlantic Ocean.
Alongside the historical facts handed down to us by the ancient authors, which we will summarize in this Memoir, we will show how useful philology is to history and geography, since with the help of this precious auxiliary we have succeeded in discovering the traces of the navigation of the Phoenicians and the Hebrews in the time of Solomon, and in fixing the geographical positions of Parvaïm, Ophir and Tarschisch.
It follows from these traditions that before the Phoenicians, the two oceans and America were known to the Atlanteans and the Egyptians.
According to Plato, the naval forces of the Atlanteans numbered several thousand ships; even allowing for exaggeration, we have in the accounts just cited the proofs that the Ocean was navigated by peoples whose antiquity goes back beyond the cataclysm of Atlantis, and we have the certainty that the peoples of the two great continents knew each other perfectly well before the Phoenician era.
The historian then tells how the Phoenicians discovered this country.
"The Phoenicians," he says, "had set sail to explore the coast beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and while they were sailing along the coast of Libya they were driven by violent winds far out into the Ocean.
The Tyrians had founded Carthage 250 years before Solomon; and Strabo tells us that this Phoenician colony closed the strait of Gades to the Greeks to prevent them from sailing on the Ocean.
But the Phoenician colonies in Numidia and along the African coast go back to 1490 years before our era.
Sallust, in the Jugurtha, says that he took the following information from the archives of the kings of Numidia: "That Phoenicians, driven from their country, had come shortly after Hercules to found colonies on the coasts of Africa, where they built cities." Following the Phoenicians' example, the Carthaginians also founded several cities on the shores of Libya facing the Ocean.
History is full of accounts proving that the Phoenicians and the Carthaginians frequented the Ocean.
23, read on 9 October 1857), that scholar "does not accept that Greece borrowed from the Phoenicians for its oldest cults, particularly for those that seem to have the deepest roots in Pelasgian soil.
Thus our citations prove that in antiquity, up to the fall of Carthage, 146 years before Christ, the Ocean had almost always been frequented, and that America was known to the seafaring peoples; and lastly, that easy communication has always existed between the two great continents by way of the trade winds and the equatorial currents, of which the Phoenician sailors had experience.
The old king had no ships sailing the outer seas; he therefore received the gold of Ophir through the trade of the Phoenicians, who, according to the Bible, knew every sea.
This Hebrew-Phoenician colony lasted a fairly long time; for the triennial voyages of the ships of Solomon and Hiram were repeated several times; it was probably only left to its fate under the reign of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, at a time when the all-powerful Carthaginians allowed no other nation to leave the Mediterranean.
Several other highly significant names confirm our opinion further: thus one finds there the river Catuaiari, from the Kichua catu, "market," and the Hebrew aiari, "river": "the river of the market"; the place name Macapiri, from the Kichua words maca, "plate," and apiri, "of the miners";[^21] one also finds there the names of the tribes Apanos, "the carriers," Marukéuinis, "the breakers or crushers of earth," and the Apapuris, "the carriers of travelers." As we have already said, the natives of the Yapura who have passed down these names know neither Kichua nor Hebrew; this is one more proof that in antiquity, on the banks of the Yapura, the Antis peoples met the Hebrews and the Phoenicians.[^22] In the face of so many significant coincidences, of these Hebrew names, among which are Apiri or Ophir and the name Y-Apura, "the river of Ophir," and of the prodigious wealth in gold observed by M.
David received the gold of Ophir through the Phoenicians, and the fleet built under Solomon for the same destination left the Red Sea, but never returned to it; it joined up in the Atlantic with Hiram's fleet, which came out of the Mediterranean, and after the single voyage they made together to Ophir, they took the name of fleet of Tarschisch according to the Hebrew text, and the name of fleet of Africa according to the Chaldean text.
Third, exploring the river of the Amazons further west, the Hebrews and Phoenicians found fine gold there in very great abundance and easier to work than at Ophir.
This valguka, he says, is clearly the name that the Jewish and Phoenician merchants corrupted into algum and that the Hebrews changed into almug.
This exchange of words between nations of the two continents is the proof that the Hebrews and Phoenicians went to the river of the Amazons, which received from these navigators the name of Solomon.
[^22]: The Phoenicians and the Hebrews spoke the same language.
[^23]: Cundinamarca has monuments of antiquity that have not been studied, and from its mountains flow rivers whose names reveal the former presence of the Phoenicians or the Hebrews.
Europa, a Phoenician princess, was abducted by Zeus, and their son, Minos, became the progenitor of the Minoan civilization.
Zeus, the shape-shifting king of the gods, abducted the Phoenician princess Europa in the form of a magnificent white bull and carried her across the sea to Crete.
These three brothers were demigods — hybrids between the immortal, shape-shifting god Zeus and the mortal Phoenician princess Europa.
Theological company matches perfectly — Hauron is repeatedly mentioned alongside Baal, Astarte/Ashtaroth, Anat, and Resheph in Ugaritic texts, Egyptian records, and Phoenician inscriptions.
And it did, indeed, facilitate the merging of many different cultures: Atlantean, Egyptian, Cretan, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Macedonian, and Roman.
And it did, indeed, facilitate the merging of many different cultures: Atlantean, Egyptian, Cretan, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Macedonian, and Roman.
Ashtaroth's influence strengthens idolatry and polytheism in the Middle East, linking to Canaanite and Phoenician traditions.
Interestingly, the Bible is used in this study as a historical source alongside Egyptian, Assyrian, Phoenician, and Sardinian inscriptions.
Speaker: "In the ancient Phoenician-Canaanite system, the word for Saturn was El.
Speaker: "The Phoenician-Canaanites used the term Shabbat for Saturn.
Shabbat is a Phoenician word for the planet Saturn.
These religions trace back to Sumerian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Phoenician, Canaanite, and Hindu traditions, reflecting a shared ancient story.
This narrative, rooted in Babylonian and Phoenician stories, likely encodes a regional cataclysm rather than a global deluge.
Colonized Levant, Etruscans, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Basques.
Yes, because also in the Egyptian culture I read that the Phoenician priest Sanchuniathon, who wrote, and Eusebius of Caesarea reported his words, and he said that the priests of ancient Egypt uncovered, hidden in myths, a true history of an ancient civilization.
The conception of justice as the union of temperance, wisdom, courage (Laws; Republic): the latent idea of dialectic implied in the notion of dividing laws after the kinds of virtue (Laws); the approval of the method of looking at one idea gathered from many things, 'than which a truer was never discovered by any man' (compare Republic): or again the description of the Laws as parents (Laws; Republic): the assumption that religion has been already settled by the oracle of Delphi (Laws; Republic), to which an appeal is also made in special cases (Laws): the notion of the battle with self, a paradox for which Plato in a manner apologizes both in the Laws and the Republic: the remark (Laws) that just men, even when they are deformed in body, may still be perfectly beautiful in respect of the excellent justice of their minds (compare Republic): the argument that ideals are none the worse because they cannot be carried out (Laws; Republic): the near approach to the idea of good in 'the principle which is common to all the four virtues,' a truth which the guardians must be compelled to recognize (Laws; compare Republic): or again the recognition by reason of the right pleasure and pain, which had previously been matter of habit (Laws; Republic): or the blasphemy of saying that the excellency of music is to give pleasure (Laws; Republic): again the story of the Sidonian Cadmus (Laws), which is a variation of the Phoenician tale of the earth-born men (Republic): the comparison of philosophy to a yelping she-dog, both in the Republic and in the Laws: the remark that no man can practise two trades (Laws; Republic): or the advantage of the middle condition (Laws; Republic): the tendency to speak of principles as moulds or forms; compare the ekmageia of song (Laws), and the tupoi of religion (Republic): or the remark (Laws) that 'the relaxation of justice makes many cities out of one,' which may be compared with the Republic: or the description of lawlessness 'creeping in little by little in the fashions of music and overturning all things,'—to us a paradox, but to Plato's mind a fixed idea, which is found in the Laws as well as in the Republic: or the figure of the parts of the human body under which the parts of the state are described (Laws; Republic): the apology for delay and diffuseness, which occurs not unfrequently in the Republic, is carried to an excess in the Laws (compare Theaet.): the remarkable thought (Laws) that the soul of the sun is better than the sun, agrees with the relation in which the idea of good stands to the sun in the Republic, and with the substitution of mind for the idea of good in the Philebus: the passage about the tragic poets (Laws) agrees generally with the treatment of them in the Republic, but is more finely conceived, and worked out in a nobler spirit.
This may be proved by the example of the Egyptians and Phoenicians, who, notwithstanding their knowledge of arithmetic, are degraded in their general character; whether this defect in them is due to some natural cause or to a bad legislator.
Their many island homes, the vast extent of coast which had to be protected by them, their struggles first of all with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and secondly with the Persian fleets, forced the Greeks, mostly against their will, to devote themselves to the sea.
But if he cannot, he will unintentionally create in them, instead of wisdom, the habit of craft, which evil tendency may be observed in the Egyptians and Phoenicians, and many other races, through the general vulgarity of their pursuits and acquisitions, whether some unworthy legislator of theirs has been the cause, or some impediment of chance or nature.
These originate from what we call Hebrew, but it is actually Canaanite-Phoenician.
The Phoenicians inhabited an area known as Cana, the land of Cana.
Reference books confirm that ancient Hebrew is Phoenician-Canaanite, which evolved over time into modern Hebrew.
In Genesis 1:1 of the King James Bible, it states: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." However, the original Phoenician language says: "In the beginning of the creation, Elohim created the heavens and the earth."
Elohim is not "God." "El" means deity in Phoenician-Canaanite, and "im" indicates plurality, like adding "s" in English.
Language links (Basque with American tongues, Phoenician-Maya alphabets, Hebrew-Chiapenec words).
A deepdive in the connection between the Phoenicians and Greek mythology as described in Homer's Odyssey.
Nausithous: The king of the Phaeacians (not Phoenicians) mentioned in the Odyssey.
The Phaeacians were mythological sea-faring people, distinct from the historical Phoenicians, though the similarity in their maritime culture might invite comparisons.
The Phaeacians and Phoenicians are distinct groups with very different origins and roles in history and mythology.
Historical People: The Phoenicians were an actual ancient civilization, thriving from around 1500 BCE to 300 BCE.
These parallels with groups like the Phaeacians and Phoenicians are intriguing.
The description of Atlantis as an advanced, sea-faring society shares thematic similarities with both the Phoenicians and mythological groups like the Phaeacians.
Phoenician city-states like Tyre and Sidon had complex governance systems, paralleling Plato's description of Atlantis' organized society.
The Phoenicians’ role in spreading the alphabet and trade networks could be seen as a historical example of this idea.
Mythological Archetypes: Both the Phaeacians and Phoenicians may reflect mythological or cultural memories of an earlier maritime society, whether real or imagined, that shaped Greek perceptions of the distant past.
A mythologized reflection of a real historical civilization, such as the Minoans or Phoenicians.
A blend of historical memory and myth, where civilizations like the Phoenicians influenced Greek development and inspired imaginative reconstructions of the past.
The parallels between Plato's accounts, the Phaeacians, and the Phoenicians hint at how ancient cultures viewed their predecessors as both sources of inspiration and enigmatic reminders of a lost golden age.
The Minoans are a fascinating historical civilization that fits well into discussions about Plato’s "ancient Greeks of the ancient Greeks" and connections to groups like the Phaeacians or Phoenicians.
Like the Phoenicians, the Minoans were skilled sailors and traders, building a vast network across the Mediterranean.
Similarly, the Phoenicians’ alphabet influenced Greek writing.
The Phoenicians’ naval prowess and the Minoans’ mysterious collapse could have merged into narratives like Atlantis or the Phaeacians.
In an example from the Odyssey, the king of Phoenicians, son of Nausitoo, and grandson of Poseidon, refers to the consanguinity or the kinship between him and other individuals referred to as Antinoo.
They lacked a tradition of maritime exploration comparable to that of the Phoenicians or Greeks.
Furthermore, Phoenicians, not Egyptians, constructed the city of Lixus in modern Morocco, cited by Van Sertima as evidence of Egyptian influence in Africa.
Some suggest that Phoenician sailors might have reached the Americas.
Early cultures like the Minoans, Phoenicians, and Ancient Egyptians (Khem) inherited fragments of Atlantean knowledge.
Atlantic Exploration in Antiquity:The ancient Phoenicians and pre-Hellenic Greeks were skilled navigators who explored the Mediterranean and possibly the Atlantic coasts.