According to the book of Joshua, they were largely expelled from their lands, with some finding refuge in Philistine cities like Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod.
This leads to the theory that the Philistine giants, including Goliath, were descendants of the Anakim.
And the chest in which the Philistines sent the gift to the God of Israel was placed alongside the Ark, as it is stated: “And put the golden devices which you are restoring to Him for a guilt-offering in a chest by the side of it, and send it away that it may go” (I Samuel 6:8).
And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, “What shall we do with the ark of the Lord?