| Role | Sumerian | Babylonian | Egyptian | Greek | Roman | Hinduism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heavenly Father | Anu | Amen-Ra | Cronos | Saturn | Brahma | |
| Heavenly Mother | Antu | Mut | Hera | Juno | Saraswati | |
| Earth Lord | Enlil | Set | Zeus | Jupiter | Indra | |
| Earth Mother | Ninhursag | Ishtar | Isis | Athena | Minerva | Parvati |
| Earth Brother/Builder | Enki | Oannes | Ptah | Apollo | Vulcan | Vishwakarma |
| Warrior Rival | Marduk | Horus | Ares | Mars | Kartikeya | |
| Underworld Lord | Nergal | Anubis | Hades | Pluto | Yama | |
| Provider of Love | Inanna | Hathor | Aphrodite | Venus | Rati | |
| Facilitator of the Gods | Ninurta | Thoth | Hermes | Mercury | Budha |
Once Christianity became the accepted religion of the empire, pagan holidays were expropriated.Saturnalia, for example, was the winter festival in honor of the god Saturn, the equivalent of the Sumerian god of the heavens, Anu, and the Egyptian god Amen-Ra (known to the Greeks as Cronos).